Thermodynamic calculations for mixtures of environmentally safe refrigerants using the Lee-Kesler-Ploecker equation of state

Conference · Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1990

OSTI ID:7171197

Fischer, S K; Sand, J R

The imminent phaseout of R-11, R-12, and R-115 because of their high ozone depletion potentials has prompted many independent investigations of alternative or substitute refrigerants, either as pure compounds or as mixtures of two or more environmentally acceptable fluids. There are several motivations for investigating mixtures. There are very few pure compounds which can be used for refrigerants that are non-toxic, non-flammable, and also have very low ozone depleting potentials (ODP) and greenhouse warming potentials (GWP). Mixtures composed of three or more components offer a distinct advantage in that careful selection of the components could permit a flammable refrigerant to be used in a blend that remains non-flammable under all conceivable conditions. Also, component concentrations in ternary or higher order mixtures can be adjusted to linearize the temperature-enthalpy profile of a mixture making it more suitable for applications where secondary fluids are heated or cooled through large temperature glides (i.e., refrigeration and air conditioning). The computer model LKPSIM was constructed from subroutines written by Ulf Ploecker and incorporated into a Lorenz cycle refrigerator/freezer simulation model for binary refrigerant mixtures developed at the University of Hannover. Modifications were made to the Hannover routines to compute thermodynamic properties for mixtures of three or more components, the list of available refrigerants was expanded from 11 to 17 possible choices, and a new correlation was developed for computing the interaction coefficients for mixtures of halocarbon refrigerants. Tables of refrigerant molecular weights, critical temperatures and pressures, normal boiling points, acentric factors, and coefficients for fits to the ideal gas heat capacity for each refrigerant are built into a menu-driven data input routine for ease of use. 11 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.

• Research Organization: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: DOE/CE
• DOE Contract Number: AC05-84OR21400
• OSTI ID: 7171197
• Report Number(s): CONF-900742-2; ON: DE90010493
• Resource Relation: Conference: International compressor engineering conference, USNC/IIR-Purdue refrigeration conference and ASHRAE-Purdue CFC conference, West Lafayette, IN (USA), 17-20 Jul 1990
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
42 ENGINEERING
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
99 GENERAL AND MISCELLANEOUS//MATHEMATICS, COMPUTING, AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
REFRIGERANTS
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
ACCURACY
C CODES
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
CONCENTRATION RATIO
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENTHALPY
ENTROPY
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
FLAMMABILITY
HEAT PUMPS
HEAT TRANSFER
HYDROCARBONS
INTERACTIONS
ISENTROPIC PROCESSES
L CODES
MANUFACTURERS
MIXTURES
PERFORMANCE TESTING
PLANNING
PRESSURE EFFECTS
SATURATION
STANDARDS
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
TERNARY ALLOY SYSTEMS
THERMODYNAMICS
VAPORS
VARIATIONS
VOLUME
ALLOY SYSTEMS
COMBUSTION PROPERTIES
COMPUTER CODES
DISPERSIONS
EFFICIENCY
ENERGY TRANSFER
FLUIDS
GASES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SIMULATION
TESTING
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
WORKING FLUIDS
360603* - Materials- Properties
320303 - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Industrial & Agricultural Processes- Equipment & Processes
320106 - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Building Equipment- (1987-)
420400 - Engineering- Heat Transfer & Fluid Flow
540120 - Environment
Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
990200 - Mathematics & Computers