Environmental, health, and safety issues of sodium-sulfur batteries for electric and hybrid vehicles
This report is the last of four volumes that identify and assess the environmental, health, and safety issues that may affect the commercial-scale use of sodium-sulfur (Na/S) battery technology as the energy source in electric and hybrid vehicles. The reports are intended to help the Electric and Hybrid Propulsion Division of the Office of Transportation Technologies in the US Department of Energy (DOE/EHP) determine the direction of its research, development, and demonstration (RD D) program for Na/S battery technology. The reports review the status of Na/S battery RD D and identify potential hazards and risks that may require additional research or that may affect the design and use of Na/S batteries. This volume covers the in-vehicle safety issues of electric vehicles powered by Na/S batteries. The report is based on a review of the literature and on discussions with experts at DOE, national laboratories and agencies, and private industry. It has three major goals: (1) to identify the unique hazards associated with electric vehicle (EV) use; (2) to describe the existing standards, regulations, and guidelines that are or could be applicable to these hazards; and (3) to discuss the adequacy of the existing requirements in addressing the safety concerns of EVs.
- Research Organization:
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC02-83CH10093
- OSTI ID:
- 7001745
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/TP-463-4952; ON: DE93000038
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
25 ENERGY STORAGE
ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
SODIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES
HYBRID ELECTRIC-POWERED VEHICLES
SAFETY ANALYSIS
ENVIRONMENT
FIRE HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
OPERATION
RECOMMENDATIONS
REGULATIONS
SAFETY
STANDARDS
ELECTRIC BATTERIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
HAZARDS
METAL-NONMETAL BATTERIES
VEHICLES
SODIUM-SULPHUR BATTERY TECHNOLOGY
NA/S
ELECTRIC
HYBRID VEHICLES
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330400 - Advanced Propulsion Systems- Hybrid Systems
250900 - Energy Storage- Batteries
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