Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryo assay for developmental toxicity incorporating individual embryo incubations: Evaluations of controls, a pure compound (BaP), soil extracts, and stream effluents
A non-indigenous, but useful fish species has been largely overlooked by organizations preparing protocols for toxicity testing in research and environmental regulation. The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) has been used in basic and applied research in the United States and Japan for many years. All life-history stages have been used and studied, including numerous different types of embryo and embryo-larval assays. However, a medaka embryo assay has yet to be recommended by the American Society for Testing and Materials, the United States Environmental Protection Agency or the American Public Health Association for use as a test species in water quality control. The authors have developed and refined methods for evaluating toxicity and abnormalities in embryos exposed to contaminants in a variety of media. Individual embryos exposed to benzo[a]pyrene showed both increased mortalities and abnormalities. In the two field applications, individual embryos were exposed to: (1) soil extracts from two hydrocarbon-contaminated sites on U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll, in the General Republic of the Marshall Islands, or (2) water samples from ten sites on East Fork Poplar Creek, in Oak Ridge, TN, a stream that originates inside the DOE Y-12 Plant. The two soil extracts were from diesel fuel-contaminated soil; treated embryos showed significant responses ranging from increased mortalities to abnormalities and developmental delays. The stream has a history of industrial contamination, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, and heavy metals, (particularly mercury); other typical industrial discharges (i.e. chlorine, ammonia, and nitrates) are also present at some sites. Treatment groups showed high mortality and dose-dependent mortality in diluted samples compared to control and reference water samples. This study demonstrates the flexibility of this medaka embryo assay for assessing the toxicity of complex environmental sites.
- Research Organization:
- Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States)
- OSTI ID:
- 6976964
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Thesis (Ph.D.)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
FISHES
ONTOGENESIS
POLLUTANTS
TOXICITY
TOXIC MATERIALS
BIOASSAY
BENZOPYRENE
WATER POLLUTION
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
AROMATICS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
HYDROCARBONS
MATERIALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
VERTEBRATES
540220* - Environment
Terrestrial- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
540320 - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)