Treatment of vomiting and of gastric emptying suppression in primates after gamma irradiation

Conference · Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1984 · J. Nucl. Med.; (United States)

OSTI ID:6927577

Dubois, A; Dorval, E D; O'Connell, L; Durakovic, A; Conklin, J J

Total body irradiation is followed within minutes by nausea and vomiting. In dogs, the authors found that gastric emptying was suppressed for at least 3 hours after exposure to 8 Gy Cobalt-60; in addition, pretreatment with domperidone (D) could prevent vomiting without improving gastric emptying. In the present studies, the authors used a primate model to further investigate the possibility of treating radiation induced vomiting and delayed gastric emptying. Gastric emptying was measured using either (1) radionuclide imaging after intragastric administration of chicken liver tagged in vivo with 1 mCi Tc-99m sulfur colloid and water containing 0.2 mCi In-111-DTPA; or (2) a Tc-99 m-DPTA dilution technique. Chair-adapted rhesus monkeys were studied in the basal state receiving either saline (S; 1.0 ml), D (0.1 mg/kg) or metoclopramide (M; 0.15 mg/kg). All monkeys were then exposed to total body irradiation (8 Gy, Cobalt-60) after receiving either S, D or M. Vomiting was observed in 5 of 6 monkeys receiving S or D but in only one of 5 animals pretreated with M. Gastric emptying was unaffected by any drug in the basal state (S: 5.54 +- 0.86; D: 6.21 +- 1.01; P: 6.52 +- 0.95%/min; means +- SE). After irradiation, emptying was completely abolished in animals treated with S (0.2 +- 0.2%/min) or D (0.1 +- 0.1%/min; in contrast, pretreatment with M improved gastric emptying significantly (1.81 +- 0.52%/min. Thus, gastric emptying is suppressed in monkeys who vomit after exposure to total body irradiation. In addition, vomiting is prevented and suppression of gastric emptying is improved by M, a dopamine antagonist that acts centrally but not by D, a peripherally acting dopamine antagonist.

• Research Organization: USUHS, Bethesda, MD
• OSTI ID: 6927577
• Report Number(s): CONF-840619-; TRN: 87-009046
• Journal Information: J. Nucl. Med.; (United States), Vol. 25:5; Conference: 31. annual meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 5 Jun 1984
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS
POST-IRRADIATION THERAPY
COBALT 60
COLLOIDS
DOGS
DRUGS
FOOD
GAMMA RADIATION
IN VIVO
INDIUM 111
LABELLING
MONKEYS
SULFUR
TECHNETIUM 99
TRACER TECHNIQUES
VOMITING
WHOLE-BODY IRRADIATION
ANIMALS
BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
COBALT ISOTOPES
DAYS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DISPERSIONS
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES
ELEMENTS
EXTERNAL IRRADIATION
HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
INDIUM ISOTOPES
INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI
INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES
IONIZING RADIATIONS
IRRADIATION
ISOMERIC TRANSITION ISOTOPES
ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS
ISOTOPES
MAMMALS
MINUTES LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
NONMETALS
NUCLEI
ODD-EVEN NUCLEI
ODD-ODD NUCLEI
PRIMATES
RADIATION EFFECTS
RADIATIONS
RADIOISOTOPES
SYMPTOMS
TECHNETIUM ISOTOPES
THERAPY
VERTEBRATES
YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES
560152* - Radiation Effects on Animals- Animals