Toxicokinetics and toxicity of sediment-associated pyrene and phenanthrene in Diporeia spp. : Examination of equilibrium-partitioning theory and residue-based effects for assessing hazard
- NOAA, Ann Arbor, MI (United States). Great Lakes Environmental Research Lab.
- Univ. of Joensuu (Finland). Dept. of Biology
The amphipod Diporeia spp. was exposed to pyrene or phenanthrene-dosed sediments for month-long exposures. Phenanthrene was only slightly toxic with 12 [+-] 3% mortality at the highest sediment dose (0.62 [mu]mol g[sup [minus]1]). Failure to attain and maintain toxic residue body burdens, based on a nonpolar narcosis concentration of approximately 6 [mu]mol g[sup [minus]1], accounts for the low mortality. Phenanthrene toxicokinetic parameters were essentially constant among all doses and consistent with previous measures. Sediment concentration was a poor representation of dose for mortality by pyrene. The relative pyrene distribution among the < 63-[mu]m particles increased in the smallest-sized particles at larger doses. An apparent stimulation of pyrene accumulation was observed as a peak in uptake clearance values between sediment concentrations of 0.16 and 0.26 [mu]mol g[sup [minus]1] dry sediment. The pyrene particle-size distribution and the variation in kinetics with dose provide a partial explanation for the poor representation of dose by the sediment concentration. The pyrene body burdens provided a good dose response yielding LD50 values of 6.3 and 9.4 [mu]mol g[sup [minus]1] for two experiments. These values are consistent with the residue concentrations for 50% mortality by a nonpolar narcosis mechanism. Comparing the experimental and predicted equilibrium partitioning-based sediment concentrations for 50% mortality, the equilibrium prediction overestimates the toxic pyrene sediment concentration by approximately a factor of ten. Diporeia behavior, differential particle-size distribution, and kinetic limitations appear as likely reasons for the variation between calculated and observed concentrations required to produce mortality.
- OSTI ID:
- 6873022
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; (United States), Vol. 13:11; ISSN 0730-7268
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
CRUSTACEANS
SENSITIVITY
PHENANTHRENE
TOXICITY
PYRENE
SEDIMENTS
CONTAMINATION
WATER POLLUTION
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
AROMATICS
ARTHROPODS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
HYDROCARBONS
INVERTEBRATES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
540320* - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology