The molecular basis of ultrasonic absorption by proteins
This article reviews significant advances in understanding the basis for the magnitude of ultrasonic absorption in proteins and related biological materials. Carstensen and Schwan's accurate and extensive measurements on blood and hemoglobin solutions provided the initial experimental data; these were augmented by data from measurements on aqueous solutions of gelatin, bovine serum albumin, lysozyme, various polypeptides, and amino acids. The initial frequency range of 1-10 MHz was expanded to 0.035-1000 MHz; temperature and pH dependences of absorption were studied. Theoretical approaches included consideration of the relative motion of blood cells in plasma, perturbation of water structure around macromolecules, solvation of charged entities, proton-transfer reactions, and helix-coil transitions. Proton-transfer reactions between amino and carboxylic groups and water proved to be largely responsible for the observed peaks in pH dependence of absorption coefficient; the peaks occurred in the basic and acidic regions corresponding to the pKs for titration of these groups. Such reactions could not account for the magnitude of absorption at physiological pH because only histidine titrated in this range. Extensive analysis, using relaxation theory, and measurements have shown that the proton transfer reaction between the imidazole group of histidine and hydrogen phosphate ion (in solution) provides sufficient volume change for significant ultrasonic absorption at physiological pH. Excellent agreement between theory and experiment was found with the peptide bacitracin in phosphate buffer solutions. By generalizing these results to the case of a protein, Slutsky wt al estimated maximum values of frequency-dependent absorption coefficients for typical tissue and found them to be correct to order of magnitude.
- Research Organization:
- Bioengineering Research Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, California
- OSTI ID:
- 6815458
- Journal Information:
- Bioelectromagnetics (N.Y.); (United States), Vol. 3:1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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PROTEINS
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ULTRASONIC WAVES
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
BIOCHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS
PH VALUE
PHYSIOLOGY
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ABSORPTION
KINETICS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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SOUND WAVES
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