Upgrading of coal liquids by O-alkylation of phenols with olefins. Part 1. Reaction with branched olefins
The objective is to formulate a process for obtaining high yields of ether products while minimizing the polymerization and carbon alkylation side reactions. 2-methyl-2-butene was chosen as the alkylating agent, and p-cresol is the first model compound. The effect of temperature on the products from 4 h reactions in 40% sulfuric acid was measured. The values reported are those of equilibrium since ether formation is a reversible process. Results indicate that equilibrium in the forward direction is favored at lower temperatures. Reduced temperatures also decrease the amount of ring alkylation. The use of 10% sulfuric acid also reduced ring alkylation, but the rate of ether formation is reduced. Thus, increasing the olefin/phenol ratio can be expected to increase ether formation. 12 figures, 9 tables.
- Research Organization:
- Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, NJ
- OSTI ID:
- 6612955
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-820909-Vol.2
- Journal Information:
- Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Pet. Chem., Prepr.; (United States), Vol. 27:4; Conference: National meeting of the American Chemical Society, Kansas City, MO, USA, 1 Sep 1982
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
O-alkylation of phenols for upgrading of coal-derived liquids. 1. Reaction of phenols with branched olefins
A kinetic mechanistic study of acid-catalyzed alkylation of isobutane with C4-olefins at low temperatures
Related Subjects
CRESOLS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
ETHERS
CHEMICAL REACTION YIELD
STRUCTURAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
NAPHTHA
REFINING
PENTENES
PHENOLS
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
SULFURIC ACID
CATALYTIC EFFECTS
CATALYSTS
EFFICIENCY
ETHYL ETHER
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
MEDIUM TEMPERATURE
METHANOL
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
QUANTITY RATIO
SODIUM HYDROXIDES
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
TIME DEPENDENCE
ALCOHOLS
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKENES
AROMATICS
CHROMATOGRAPHY
COAL TAR OILS
DATA
DISTILLATES
ENERGY SOURCES
EXTRACTION
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROXIDES
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
INORGANIC ACIDS
MAGNETIC RESONANCE
NUMERICAL DATA
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM DISTILLATES
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
PROCESSING
RESONANCE
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SODIUM COMPOUNDS
SOLVENTS
YIELDS
010405* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
010500 - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Products & By-Products