Toxicity of the organophosphate insecticide fenitrothion and its metabolism by blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus
The LC/sub 50/ for Callinectes sapidus exposed to fenitrothion for 96 hours at 22/sup 0/C and a salinity of 34 ppt (parts per thousand) was estimated to be 8.6 ..mu..g/liter. Acute toxicity was shown to decrease with decreasing salinity and decreasing temperature. Exposure to a simulated tidal cycle increased the acute toxicity of fenitrothion to Callinectes. The autotomization response in Callinectes was shown to be affected at subacute exposure levels as low as 0.1 ..mu..g/liter. In vitro studies showed that the rates of formation of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and desmethyl fenitrothion were greater and the rate of formation of fenitrooxon was less in subcellular fractions prepared from the hepatopancreas of crabs which had been acclimated to lower salinity seawater. All three of these metabolites were formed at faster rates in subcellular fractions prepared from crabs which had been acclimated to and incubated at 22/sup 0/C than at 17/sup 0/C. Tissue distribution of aniline hydroxylase and glutathione-S-transferase activity was also determined. The uptake of /sup 14/C-fenitrothion at a level in a seawater of 5.2 ..mu..g/liter was greater at 22/sup 0/C than at 17/sup 0/C and from 34 ppt than from 17 ppt seawater. Tissue distribution of radioactivity was determined as well as the nature of radiolabelled metabolites in the hepatopancreas and in seawater. There was no significant difference in the overall level of metabolites detected in the 22/sup 0/C than in the 17/sup 0/C seawater. The rate of uptake of fenitrothion by Callinectes also affects the toxicity as the uptake of fenitrothion was more rapid at the higher salinity as well as at the higher temperature.
- Research Organization:
- Florida Univ., Gainesville (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6583615
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Thesis (Ph. D.)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
CHLORINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
METABOLISM
CRABS
INSECTICIDES
SEAWATER
TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE
TOXICITY
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
AROMATICS
ARTHROPODS
CRUSTACEANS
DECAPODS
DISTRIBUTION
HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INVERTEBRATES
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PESTICIDES
WATER
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
550501 - Metabolism- Tracer Techniques