Refining synthetic liquids from coal and shale. Final report

Technical Report · Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1980

OSTI ID:6492119

The purpose of this study was to determine the status of research and of technology for refining liquids from oil shale or coal, to recommend areas for future research and development emphasis, and to make recommendations on the roles of government and industry in these areas. Refining is the link between the primary production of liquids from these solid hydrocarbon sources and the supply of liquid fuels meeting the requirements of the various consumers. But use patterns and combustion equipment are expected to change with time, and the compositions of liquids produced by the variety of raw materials and conversion processes, which differ from those associated with petroleum, will also probably change with time. Therefore, parts of this report are devoted to discussions of liquefaction technologies and the corresponding liquid compositions, the committee's view of coming changes in demand for various types of liquid fuels, and the possibilities for evolution in end-use equipment. Today's refining technology for these synthetic liquids adds hydrogen to eliminate elements other than carbon and hydrogen and thus produce substances similar to petroleum hydrocarbons. Because the manufacture and use of hydrogen are the major sources of energy consumption and expense in refining these liquids, the technology and research needs for hydrogen manufacture are also considered in this study. Environmental and health problems are given careful attention since the raw liquids are known to contain toxic components.

• Research Organization: National Research Council, Washington, DC (USA). Energy Engineering Board; National Research Council, Washington, DC (USA). Assembly of Engineering
• DOE Contract Number: AC01-78RG06353
• OSTI ID: 6492119
• Report Number(s): DOE/RG/06353-T1; ON: DE85000453
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
08 HYDROGEN
COAL LIQUIDS
HYDROGENATION
HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
LIQUID FUELS
SPECIFICATIONS
SUPPLY AND DEMAND
PETROLEUM
SHALE OIL
COAL GASIFICATION
COAL LIQUEFACTION
DIESEL FUELS
FORECASTING
FUEL OILS
GASOLINE
HEALTH HAZARDS
PARTIAL OXIDATION PROCESSES
RECOMMENDATIONS
REFINING
RESEARCH PROGRAMS
STEAM REFORMER PROCESSES
US DOE
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUIDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GASIFICATION
HAZARDS
LIQUEFACTION
LIQUIDS
MINERAL OILS
NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
OILS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PROCESSING
REFORMER PROCESSES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
US ORGANIZATIONS
010405* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction
040404 - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Purification
080100 - Hydrogen- Production