Synthesis, pathways, effects, and fate of chlorination by-products in freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. Annual report, September 10, 1976--September 30, 1977
The study is composed of analytical chemistry and biological divisions with freshwater and marine biological subdivisions. The objective of the analytical phase is to identify those chemical compounds, other than the free and combined available halogen, which result from the addition of chlorine to fresh or saltwater. The objectives of the biological studies are to investigate the immediate and relatively long-term toxicity of several chlorination by-products to selected aquatic biota; to follow their pathways of action; and to analyze for bioaccumulation or biomagnification. Initial analytical experimentation has been directed toward isolating and identifying nonpolar, lipophylic organohalogens that might be expected to be absorbed and biomagnified in the lipids of aquatic biota. Chlorinated natural fresh and marine water samples were obtained from Task IIa and b. Organic components were concentrated by forcing chlorinated and unchlorinated water through columns of XAD-2 resin using a positive displacement pump. Ether extracts of the XAD-2 columns were analyzed for haloforms by gas chromatography. Bromoform was found to be the major constituent in all chlorinated sea water samples. In contrast, chloroform was the only haloform produced from chlorinated freshwater. The Freshwater Biology 6-month chronic bioassay on rainbow trout has produced several results. The mortality rate, although low, indicated an interesting trend in response to increasing concentration of chlorination by-products. In addition to observed mortality, concentration was inversely related to other fish losses which are hypothesized to result from decreased aggressiveness. Fish length and weight at six months was also significantly reduced with increasing concentrations of chlorination by-products. A chronic bioassay of chlorination by-products was conducted with little-neck clams in the marine phase of the program.
- Research Organization:
- Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, WA (United States)
- DOE Contract Number:
- EY-76-C-06-1830
- OSTI ID:
- 6166263
- Report Number(s):
- PNL-2909
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
BROMOFORM
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CHLORINATION
CHLOROFORM
ESTUARIES
FRESH WATER
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
BIOLOGICAL ACCUMULATION
SEAS
TROUT
MORTALITY
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
BIOASSAY
CHLORINE
EXPERIMENTAL DATA
GRAPHS
ISOLATED VALUES
LIPIDS
MOLLUSCS
SEAWATER
TOXICITY
WATER POLLUTION
ANIMALS
BROMINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
DATA
DATA FORMS
ELEMENTS
FISHES
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
HALOGENATION
HALOGENS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
INFORMATION
INVERTEBRATES
NONMETALS
NUMERICAL DATA
ORGANIC BROMINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
SURFACE WATERS
VERTEBRATES
WATER
520200* - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)
560305 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987)