DNA adducts as a measure of lung cancer risk in humans exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Workers in the coking, foundry, and aluminum industry can be exposed to high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and are at increased risk for lung cancer, as are cigarette smokers. In recent years several studies on workers in the foundry and coking industries have been reported. In these studies, white blood cell (WBC) DNA was used for analysis of PAH-DNA adducts. Theoretically, DNA adduct formation is a more relevant biological parameter for assessing exposure risk than PAH in the work atmosphere, or the amount of a metabolite in the urine, because adduct levels reflect that part of the dose that escapes detoxification and binds to DNA. WBC DNA was analyzed from coke-oven workers and from workers in an aluminum production plant and demonstrated the presence of PAH-DNA adducts. Forty-seven percent of the coke-oven workers had detectable levels of PAH-DNA adducts in their WBC compared with 27% of the controls (p < 0.05), measured with ELISA. In both groups, smokers had significantly higher levels of PAH-DNA adducts than did nonsmokers. In the aluminum workers, no PAH-DNA adducts were detected by ELISA, although the benzo[a]pyrene concentrations in the work atmosphere were comparable to those of the coke-oven workers. The more sensitive [sup 32]P-postlabeling assay showed the presence of PAH-DNA adducts in 91% of the aluminum workers. There was no correlation of WBC adduct levels with the concentration of PAH in the work atmosphere. Recently the authors showed that total PAH-DNA adduct levels in WBC from lung cancer patients were much higher than those generally found in healthy smokers. These increased adduct levels may indicate a subpopulation of smokers with increased risk for lung cancer, resulting from a genetic predisposition in this group of persons. Because WBCs are not the target cells for exposure-related cancer, the relationship between PAH-DNA adducts in the lung and in WBCs remains to be established. 30 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
- OSTI ID:
- 6003983
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9110511-; CODEN: EVHPAZ; CNN: PCT-P-046
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Health Perspectives; (United States), Vol. 99; Conference: Symposium on biomonitoring and susceptibility markers in human cancer: applications in molecular epidemiology and risk assessment, Kailua-Kona, HI (United States), 26 Oct - 1 Nov 1991; ISSN 0091-6765
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
DNA ADDUCTS
BIOASSAY
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
NEOPLASMS
RISK ASSESSMENT
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE
ALUMINIUM
COKE OVENS
FOUNDRIES
LEUKOCYTES
LUNGS
TOBACCO SMOKES
ADDUCTS
AEROSOLS
AROMATICS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
BODY
BODY FLUIDS
COLLOIDS
DISEASES
DISPERSIONS
ELEMENTS
HYDROCARBONS
INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
MATERIALS
METALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
RESIDUES
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
SMOKES
SOLS
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
550200 - Biochemistry