Radiation protection for human missions to the Moon and Mars
Radiation protection assessments are performed for advanced Lunar and Mars manned missions. The Langley cosmic ray transport code and the nucleon transport code are used to quantify the transport and attenuation of galactic cosmic rays and solar proton flares through various shielding media. Galactic cosmic radiation at solar maximum and minimum, as well as various flare scenarios are considered. Propagation data for water, aluminum, liquid hydrogen, lithium hydride, lead, and lunar and Martian regolith (soil) are included. Shield thickness and shield mass estimates required to maintain incurred doses below 30 day and annual limits (as set for Space Station Freedom and used as a guide for space exploration) are determined for simple geometry transfer vehicles. On the surface of Mars, dose estimates are presented for crews with their only protection being the carbon dioxide atmosphere and for crews protected by shielding provided by Martian regolith for a candidate habitat.
- Research Organization:
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA (USA). Langley Research Center
- OSTI ID:
- 5759477
- Report Number(s):
- N-91-17999; NASA-TP-3079; L-16892; NAS-1.60:3079
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Radiation exposure and dose estimates for a nuclear-powered manned Mars SPRINT mission. [Pb; Al; LiH; H d2O]
Regolith Biological Shield for a Lunar Outpost from High Energy Solar Protons
Related Subjects
ASTRONAUTS
RADIATION PROTECTION
COSMIC RADIATION
MARS PLANET
MOON
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
SPACE FLIGHT
RADIATION HAZARDS
SPACE VEHICLES
SHIELDING
ALUMINIUM
HYDROGEN
LEAD
LITHIUM HYDRIDES
NUCLEONS
RADIATION DOSES
SOILS
SOLAR ACTIVITY
WATER
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
BARYONS
DOSES
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
ELEMENTS
FERMIONS
HADRONS
HAZARDS
HEALTH HAZARDS
HYDRIDES
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
IONIZING RADIATIONS
LITHIUM COMPOUNDS
METALS
NONMETALS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PERSONNEL
PLANETS
RADIATIONS
SATELLITES
SIMULATION
VEHICLES
560161* - Radionuclide Effects
Kinetics
& Toxicology- Man