The induction of sister chromatid exchanges by environmental pollutants: relationship of SCE to other measures of genetic damage

Journal Article · Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1984 · Basic Life Sci.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4889-4_30· OSTI ID:5651473

Brooks, A L; Shimizu, R W; Li, A P; Benson, J M; Dutcher, J S

Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), induced by environmental pollutants from fossil fuel use, were measured in 2 cell systems, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and Chinese hamster primary lung cell cultures. The frequency of SCEs induced in these cell systems was related to other measures of genetic damage, namely mutations in CHO cells at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) gene locus and in bacteria (Salmonella mutagenicity test TA-98), produced by the same pollutants. The pollutants were divided into 2 classes: those produced in oxidizing combustion environments--extracts of particles from light-duty diesel cars, spark-ignition cars, and an automotive tunnel; and those produced in reducing environments--extracts from coke oven mains and condensates from a low BTU coal gasifier obtained either before or after cleanup of the process stream. Sister chromatid exchanges were induced by all pollutants without the addition of a rat liver microsomal fraction (S-9 mix), whereas S-9 mix was required to induce a positive response in the CHO/HGPRT assay for all pollutants. The pollutants produced in a reducing environment required metabolic activation by S-9 mix to be mutagenic in the Salmonella mutation assay. The addition of S-9 mix to pollutants produced in an oxidizing environment reduced the response in the Salmonella test. The relative genotoxic potency for each pollutant was determined for all 3 endpoints. The slopes of dose-response curves for each pollutant were plotted for each assay to compare relative potency. When the bacterial mutagenicity test was compared to either mammalian cell assay, SCE or CHO/HGPRT, there was little correlation between relative potencies. However, the data indicated that the responses in the 2 mammalian cell assays, SCE and CHO/HGPRT, showed similar relative responses to the pollutants.

• Research Organization: Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute, Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico
• OSTI ID: 5651473
• Journal Information: Basic Life Sci.; (United States), Vol. 29
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AIR POLLUTION
GENETIC EFFECTS
CHO CELLS
SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES
POLLUTANTS
ANIMAL CELLS
CELL CULTURES
EXHAUST GASES
FLUE GAS
FOSSIL FUELS
METABOLIC ACTIVATION
MUTAGEN SCREENING
MUTATIONS
SALMONELLA
BACTERIA
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUIDS
FUELS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
MICROORGANISMS
POLLUTION
SCREENING
WASTES
560301* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Cells- (-1987)
560302 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Microorganisms- (-1987)