Ozonation at Belle Glade, Florida: A case history

Journal Article · · Ozone: Science and Engineering (The Journal of the International Ozone Association); (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/01919519008552220· OSTI ID:5411689

Singer, P C ^[1]; Robinson, K ^[2]; Elefritz, R A ^[3]

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1. Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (USA)
2. Water and Sewer Plants, Belle Glade, FL (USA)
3. Wild and Associates, Inc., Ormond Beach, FL (USA)

In October 1984, the city of Belle Glade, FL installed a two-stage ozonation process for the treatment of lake water high in organics (av TOC 30 mg/L; up to 75 mg/L), high in color (av 100 color units; up to 500), and high in THM concentrations, at times nearly 1,000 {mu}g/L. The new treatment process applied 3 mg/L of ozone to the raw water ahead of the flash mix basin, lime softening, alum and polymer coagulation, clarification, recarbonation, and addition of 3 mg/L ozone prior to filtration. Post-chlorination then produced distribution system THM concentrations averaging 124 {mu}g/L. Distribution of THMs shifted from 85% chloroform by the original process to 40% after adoption of ozonation, the balance comprising brominated species (but not bromoform). In 1987, the treatment process was modified by adding chlorine and ammonia at the outlets of the pre- and intermediate-stages of ozonation and abandoning free chlorination. This has further reduced the distribution system THM levels of 20-30 {mu}g/L. Filtered water turbidity and color have been improved. The use of chloramines after ozonation controls the nuisance aquatic growths in the clarifiers and recarbonation basins (caused by ozonation alone), and produces a combined chlorine residual which can be maintained throughout the distribution system. Periodic use of free chlorine in the distribution system is required to prevent elevated heterotrophic plate counts and the formation of excessive concentrations of nitrite ion due to biological regrowth and nitrification.

• OSTI ID: 5411689
• Journal Information: Ozone: Science and Engineering (The Journal of the International Ozone Association); (United States), Vol. 12:2; ISSN 0191-9512
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OZONIZATION
SURFACE WATERS
PURIFICATION
CHLORINATION
FLORIDA
OZONE
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
FEDERAL REGION IV
HALOGENATION
NORTH AMERICA
USA
320603* - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Municipalities & Community Systems- Public Utilities- (1980-)