Tall oil precursors in three western pines: ponderosa, lodgepole, and limber pine
The nonvolatile diethyl ether extracts (NVEE) from ponderosa, lodgepole, and limber pines were analyzed to determine the amounts and chemical composition of the tall oil precursors (resin acids, fatty acids, and nonsaponifiables) and turpentine precursors available from these species. The results showed that crude tall oil compositions would be approximately as follows (% resin acids, % fatty acids, % nonsaponifiables); ponderosa pine - sapwood (15, 75, 10), heartwood (78, 7, 15); lodgepole pine - sapwood (24, 57, 19), heartwood (51, 26, 23); limber pine - sapwood (10, 82, 8), heartwood (23, 60, 17). The larger nonsaponifiables content, as compared to southern pines, is the major factor in explaining the greater difficulty in the distillative refining of tall oil from these western species. Eight resin acids were found in ponderosa and lodgepole pine: palustric, isopimaric, abietic, dehydroabietic, and neoabietic acids predominated. Seven resin acids were identified from limber pine: anticopalic, isopimaric, abietic, and dehydroabietic acids predominated. The free and esterfied fatty acids from these species contained predominantly oleic and linoleic acids. In addition limber pine contained major amounts of 5, 9, 12-octadecatrienoic acid. The nonsaponifiables contained mostly diterpenes and the sterols, sitosterol and campesterol. The major turpentine components were: ponderosa pine - ..beta..-pinene and 3-carene; lodgepole pine - ..beta..-phellandrene; and limber pine - 3-carene, ..beta..-phellandrene, ..cap alpha..-piene, and ..beta..-pinene.
- Research Organization:
- Forest Service, Madison, WI
- OSTI ID:
- 5087517
- Journal Information:
- Wood Sci.; (United States), Vol. 12:3
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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37 INORGANIC
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
PINES
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
TALL OIL
WASTE PRODUCT UTILIZATION
TURPENTINE
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
ETHERS
EXTRACTION
OPTIMIZATION
PRECURSOR
RESINS
STEROLS
CONIFERS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
OILS
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
ORGANIC SOLVENTS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PETROCHEMICALS
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PLANTS
POLYMERS
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SOLVENTS
STEROIDS
TERPENES
TREES
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