Fracture treatment design and evaluation in the Pakenham Field: A real-data approach
- and others
This paper describes the results from the Pakenham Field effort at fracture stimulation engineering which incorporated, to the greatest extent possible, the results of actual measured field data. Measured data included: formation closure stress in payzones and bounding shales; numerous pre-frac diagnostic injections; measurement of actual perf friction and near-wellbore fracture tortuosity; reflected bottomhole pressure and real-time net pressure data on many treatments; post-frac pressure build-up tests; and (early) post-frac production data. Measurement of the sand-shale closure stress contrast and the relatively high net fracturing pressures (compared to the closure stress contrast) revealed that fractures obtained in most of the treatments were much shorter and less confined than we originally expected: the fracture half-length was about 200 to 300 ft (instead of about 600 ft), which is consistent with estimates from post-fracture pressure build-up tests. Based on these measurements, Chevron`s fracturing practices in the Pakenham Field could be carefully reviewed to enhance fracture economics. Supported by the real-data fracture treatment analysis, several changes in completion, fracture treatment design and data-collection procedures were made, such as: (1) changing from CO{sub 2}-foam to Borate cross-linked gel; (2) reducing the perforated interval to help minimize the simultaneous propagation of multiple hydraulic fractures; and, (3) reducing the pad fluid size, as fluid leakoff from the fracture into the formation was relatively low. This paper should be regarded as only a first step towards fracture treatment optimization in the Pakenham Field. Further fracture treatment optimization will continue throughout the development of the Pakenham Field. Although it is still too early to quantify production benefits of implementing these real-data-based treatment changes, modest cost savings have been realized on the newly completed wells.
- OSTI ID:
- 457328
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-961003-; TRN: 96:006576-0050
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 71. annual technical conference and exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Denver, CO (United States), 6-9 Oct 1996; Other Information: PBD: 1996; Related Information: Is Part Of 1996 SPE annual technical conference and exhibition: Drilling and completion; PB: 944 p.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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