Gibbs paradox of entropy of mixing experimental facts. Its rejection, and the theoretical consequences
- Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel (Switzerland)
Gibbs paradox statement of entropy of mixing has been regarded as the theoretical foundation of statistical mechanics, quantum theory and biophysics. However, all the relevant chemical experimental observations and logical analyses indicate that the Gibbs paradox statement is false. I prove that this statement is wrong: Gibbs paradox statement implies that entropy decreases with the increase in symmetry (as represented by a symmetry number {sigma}; see any statistical mechanics textbook). From group theory any system has at least a symmetry number {sigma}=1 which is the identity operation for a strictly asymmetric system. It follows that the entropy of a system is equal to, or less than, zero. However, from either von Neumann-Shannon entropy formula (S(w) =-{Sigma}{sup {omega}} in p{sub 1}) or the Boltzmann entropy formula (S = in w) and the original definition, entropy is non-negative. Therefore, this statement is false. It should not be a surprise that for the first time, many outstanding problems such as the validity of Pauling`s resonance theory, the explanation of second order phase transition phenomena, the biophysical problem of protein folding and the related hydrophobic effect, etc., can be solved. Empirical principles such as Pauli principle (and Hund`s rule) and HSAB principle, etc., can also be given a theoretical explanation.
- OSTI ID:
- 447625
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-960343-; TRN: 97:005516
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 2. international congress on theoretical chemical physics, New Orleans, LA (United States), 9-13 Mar 1996; Other Information: PBD: 1996; Related Information: Is Part Of Second international congress on theoretical chemical physics - ICTCP II; PB: 90 p.
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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