A DEEP SEARCH FOR PROMPT RADIO EMISSION FROM THERMONUCLEAR SUPERNOVAE WITH THE VERY LARGE ARRAY
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI:48824 (United States)
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States)
- Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904 (United States)
- Astronomy Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States)
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics, and Cosmology Center (PITT-PACC), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (United States)
- Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm (Sweden)
- Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003 (United States)
- National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Programs, Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, P.O. Box 248, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9 (Canada)
Searches for circumstellar material around Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are some of the most powerful tests of the nature of SN Ia progenitors, and radio observations provide a particularly sensitive probe of this material. Here, we report radio observations for SNe Ia and their lower-luminosity thermonuclear cousins. We present the largest, most sensitive, and spectroscopically diverse study of prompt (Δt≲1 years) radio observations of 85 thermonuclear SNe, including 25 obtained by our team with the unprecedented depth of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array. With these observations, SN 2012cg joins SN 2011fe and SN 2014J as an SN Ia with remarkably deep radio limits and excellent temporal coverage (six epochs, spanning 5–216 days after explosion, implying M-dot /v{sub w}≲5×10{sup −9} ((M{sub ⊙} yr{sup −1})/(100 km s{sup −1})), assuming ϵ{sub B} = 0.1 and ϵ{sub e} = 0.1). All observations yield non-detections, placing strong constraints on the presence of circumstellar material. We present analytical models for the temporal and spectral evolution of prompt radio emission from thermonuclear SNe as expected from interaction with either wind-stratified or uniform density media. These models allow us to constrain the progenitor mass loss rates, with limits in the range of M-dot ≲10{sup −9}−10{sup −4} M{sub ⊙} yr{sup −1}, assuming a wind velocity of v{sub w} = 100 km s{sup −1}. We compare our radio constraints with measurements of Galactic symbiotic binaries to conclude that ≲10% of thermonuclear SNe have red giant companions.
- OSTI ID:
- 22863001
- Journal Information:
- Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 821, Issue 2; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0004-637X
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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