Preparation of meta-stable phases of barium titanate by Sol-hydrothermal method
- Department of Physics, R.D. Govt. Arts College, Tamilnadu, Sivaganga - 630561 (India)
- Department of Physics/Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1048 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo (Norway)
- Department of Solar Energy, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O. Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller (Norway)
Two low-cost chemical methods of sol–gel and the hydrothermal process have been strategically combined to fabricate barium titanate (BaTiO{sub 3}) nanopowders. This method was tested for various synthesis temperatures (100 °C to 250 °C) employing barium dichloride (BaCl{sub 2}) and titanium tetrachloride (TiCl{sub 4}) as precursors and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as mineralizer for synthesis of BaTiO{sub 3} nanopowders. The as-prepared BaTiO{sub 3} powders were investigated for structural characteristics using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The overall analysis indicates that the hydrothermal conditions create a gentle environment to promote the formation of crystalline phase directly from amorphous phase at the very low processing temperatures investigated. XRD analysis showed phase transitions from cubic - tetragonal - orthorhombic - rhombohedral with increasing synthesis temperature and calculated grain sizes were 34 – 38 nm (using the Scherrer formula). SEM and TEM analysis verified that the BaTiO{sub 3} nanopowders synthesized by this method were spherical in shape and about 114 - 170 nm in size. The particle distribution in both SEM and TEM shows that as the reaction temperature increases from 100 °C to 250 °C, the particles agglomerate. Selective area electron diffraction (SAED) shows that the particles are crystalline in nature. The study shows that choosing suitable precursor and optimizing pressure and temperature; different meta-stable (ferroelectric) phases of undoped BaTiO{sub 3} nanopowders can be stabilized by the sol-hydrothermal method.
- OSTI ID:
- 22492178
- Journal Information:
- AIP Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 11; Other Information: (c) 2015 Author(s); Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 2158-3226
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Facile microwave synthesis and photocatalytic activity of monodispersed BaTiO{sub 3} nanocuboids
Sintering Effects on Morphology, Thermal Stability and Surface Area of Sol-Gel Derived Nano-Hydroxyapatite Powder
Related Subjects
AMORPHOUS STATE
BARIUM CHLORIDES
ELECTRON DIFFRACTION
FERROELECTRIC MATERIALS
GRAIN SIZE
HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS
NANOSTRUCTURES
ORTHORHOMBIC LATTICES
PARTICLES
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
POWDERS
SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
SODIUM HYDROXIDES
SOL-GEL PROCESS
TITANATES
TITANIUM CHLORIDES
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
TRIGONAL LATTICES
X-RAY DIFFRACTION