Insights of Boundary Layer Turbulence Over the Complex Terrain of Central Himalaya from GVAX Field Campaign

Rajput, Akanksha; Singh, Narendra; Singh, Jaydeep; Rastogi, Shantanu

doi:10.1007/s13143-023-00341-5

Title: Insights of Boundary Layer Turbulence Over the Complex Terrain of Central Himalaya from GVAX Field Campaign

Journal Article · Wed Nov 22 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-023-00341-5· OSTI ID:2229257

Rajput, Akanksha ^[1]; Singh, Narendra ^[2]; Singh, Jaydeep ^[1]; Rastogi, Shantanu ^[3]

Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital (India); DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (India)
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital (India)
DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (India)

Limited observations hinder understanding of turbulent characteristics in mountainous terrain resulting from heating or cooling of slopes, wind, vertical motions, and heat or moisture advection, which disperse aerosols and other pollutants over the region. In this study, the 1290 MHz radar wind profiler data are utilized to compute the boundary layer height (BLH), the refractive index structure constant (C_n²), and the energy dissipation rate (ε) over the central Himalayan site for the period of November 2011 to March 2012, from the intense Ganges Valley Aerosol Experiment (GVAX) field measurements. The radar wind profiler (RWP) based estimation of BLH and ε is validated against the radiosonde, representing the effectiveness of the datasets for further investigation. The strong seasonal variation of log C_n² and log ε, with average values of ≈ -12 m^-2/3 and -2 m² s^-3, respectively, is associated with the mountain-induced local circulations and stability in the atmospheric boundary layer. The weak stratification during weak flow is found to be responsible for deep mixing, particularly in the nocturnal boundary layer in spring. Furthermore, the level of cloud cover significantly impacts the strength of turbulence, with the highest cloud cover resulting in a substantial increase in log C_n² (approximately -11 m^-2/3) due to intense updraft and downdraft motions compared to clear skies. Additionally, the distribution of aerosol loading across the site, coupled with the behavior of BLH, atmospheric stability, and orographic-induced circulations, implies distinctive seasonal mechanisms for transporting aerosols toward the mountains. This study offers valuable insights into the diurnal and seasonal patterns of turbulent mixing and the mechanisms behind the transport of pollutants through boundary layer processes over the region.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2229257

Journal Information:: Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, Journal Name: Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences; ISSN 1976-7633

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Journal Article · Mon Mar 15 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Geoscientific Model Development · OSTI ID:2229257

Singh, Jaydeep; Singh, Narendra; Ojha, Narendra; +5 more

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
boundary layer height
Central Himalaya
energy dissipation rate
refractive index structure
weak and strong flows

Title: Insights of Boundary Layer Turbulence Over the Complex Terrain of Central Himalaya from GVAX Field Campaign

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