Spherically symmetric analysis on open FLRW solution in non-linear massive gravity

Journal Article · Sat Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 2012 · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2012/12/025· OSTI ID:22279580

Chiang, Chien-I; Izumi, Keisuke; Chen, Pisin ^[1]

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1. Leung Center for Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan (China)

We study non-linear massive gravity in the spherically symmetric context. Our main motivation is to investigate the effect of helicity-0 mode which remains elusive after analysis of cosmological perturbation around an open Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. The non-linear form of the effective energy-momentum tensor stemming from the mass term is derived for the spherically symmetric case. Only in the special case where the area of the two sphere is not deviated away from the FLRW universe, the effective energy momentum tensor becomes completely the same as that of cosmological constant. This opens a window for discriminating the non-linear massive gravity from general relativity (GR). Indeed, by further solving these spherically symmetric gravitational equations of motion in vacuum to the linear order, we obtain a solution which has an arbitrary time-dependent parameter. In GR, this parameter is a constant and corresponds to the mass of a star. Our result means that Birkhoff's theorem no longer holds in the non-linear massive gravity and suggests that energy can probably be emitted superluminously (with infinite speed) on the self-accelerating background by the helicity-0 mode, which could be a potential plague of this theory.

• OSTI ID: 22279580
• Journal Information: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2012, Issue 12; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 1475-7516
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTROPHYSICS
COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY
COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT
COSMOLOGICAL MODELS
ENERGY-MOMENTUM TENSOR
EQUATIONS OF MOTION
GENERAL RELATIVITY THEORY
GRAVITATION
HELICITY
MASS
MATHEMATICAL SOLUTIONS
NONLINEAR PROBLEMS
PERTURBATION THEORY
POTENTIALS
SPHERICAL CONFIGURATION
STARS
SYMMETRY
TIME DEPENDENCE
UNIVERSE