Efficient numerical methods for computing ground states of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates based on their characterizations
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119076 (Singapore)
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Center of Mathematical Modeling and Scientific Computing, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan (China)
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409-0020 (United States)
In this paper, we propose efficient numerical methods for computing ground states of spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) with/without the Ioffe–Pritchard magnetic field B(x). When B(x)≠0, a numerical method is introduced to compute the ground states and it is also applied to study properties of ground states. Numerical results suggest that the densities of m{sub F}=±1 components in ground states are identical for any nonzero B(x). In particular, if B(x)≡B≠0 is a constant, the ground states satisfy the single-mode approximation. When B(x)≡0, efficient and simpler numerical methods are presented to solve the ground states of spin-1 BECs based on their ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic characterizations. Numerical simulations show that our methods are more efficient than those in the literature. In addition, some conjectures are made from our numerical observations.
- OSTI ID:
- 22230822
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 253; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0021-9991
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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