An on-line acoustic fluorocarbon coolant mixture analyzer for the ATLAS silicon tracker
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of Glasgow, G12 8QQ (United Kingdom)
- CERN, 1211 Geneva 23 (Switzerland)
- Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09 (France)
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 (United States)
- Czech Technical Univ., Technicka 4, 166 07 Prague 6 (Czech Republic)
- Physics Dept., Indiana Univ., Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States)
- B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Inst. PNPI, 188300 St. Petersburg (Russian Federation)
- Rutherford Appelton Laboratory - Science and Technology Facilities Council, Chilton, Didcot OX11 OQX (United Kingdom)
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Univ. of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577 (Japan)
The ATLAS silicon tracker community foresees an upgrade from the present octafluoro-propane (C{sub 3}F{sub 8}) evaporative cooling fluid - to a composite fluid with a probable 10-20% admixture of hexafluoro-ethane (C{sub 2}F{sub 6}). Such a fluid will allow a lower evaporation temperature and will afford the tracker silicon substrates a better safety margin against leakage current-induced thermal runaway caused by cumulative radiation damage as the luminosity profile at the CERN Large Hadron Collider increases. Central to the use of this new fluid is a new custom-developed speed-of-sound instrument for continuous real-time measurement of the C{sub 3}F{sub 8}/C{sub 2}F{sub 6} mixture ratio and flow. An acoustic vapour mixture analyzer/flow meter with new custom electronics allowing ultrasonic frequency transmission through gas mixtures has been developed for this application. Synchronous with the emission of an ultrasound 'chirp' from an acoustic transmitter, a fast readout clock (40 MHz) is started. The clock is stopped on receipt of an above threshold sound pulse at the receiver. Sound is alternately transmitted parallel and anti-parallel with the vapour flow for volume flow measurement from transducers that can serve as acoustic transmitters or receivers. In the development version, continuous real-time measurement of C{sub 3}F{sub 8}/C{sub 2}F{sub 6} flow and calculation of the mixture ratio is performed within a graphical user interface developed in PVSS-II, the Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition standard chosen for LHC and its experiments at CERN. The described instrument has numerous potential applications - including refrigerant leak detection, the analysis of hydrocarbons, vapour mixtures for semiconductor manufacture and anesthetic gas mixtures. (authors)
- OSTI ID:
- 22039785
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: ANIMMA 2011: 2. International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications, Ghent (Belgium), 6-9 Jun 2011; Other Information: Country of input: France; 9 refs.; IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1124I-CDR
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
CERN LHC
DATA ACQUISITION
ETHANE
EVAPORATIVE COOLING
FLOWMETERS
LEAKAGE CURRENT
LUMINOSITY
MHZ RANGE
MIXTURES
PARTICLE TRACKS
PROPANE
RADIATION EFFECTS
READOUT SYSTEMS
SAFETY MARGINS
SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS
SOUND WAVES
TRANSDUCERS
VAPORS