A Highly Ordered Nitroxide Side Chain for Distance Mapping and Monitoring Slow Structural Fluctuations in Proteins

Chen, Mengzhen; Kálai, Tamás; Cascio, Duilio; Bridges, Michael D.; Whitelegge, Julian P.; Elgeti, Matthias; Hubbell, Wayne L.

doi:10.1007/s00723-023-01618-8

Title: A Highly Ordered Nitroxide Side Chain for Distance Mapping and Monitoring Slow Structural Fluctuations in Proteins

Journal Article · Sat Oct 14 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Applied Magnetic Resonance

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-023-01618-8· OSTI ID:2202293

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Abstract Site-directed spin labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (SDSL-EPR) is an established tool for exploring protein structure and dynamics. Although nitroxide side chains attached to a single cysteine via a disulfide linkage are commonly employed in SDSL-EPR, their internal flexibility complicates applications to monitor slow internal motions in proteins and to structure determination by distance mapping. Moreover, the labile disulfide linkage prohibits the use of reducing agents often needed for protein stability. To enable the application of SDSL-EPR to the measurement of slow internal dynamics, new spin labels with hindered internal motion are desired. Here, we introduce a highly ordered nitroxide side chain, designated R9, attached at a single cysteine residue via a non-reducible thioether linkage. The reaction to introduce R9 is highly selective for solvent-exposed cysteine residues. Structures of R9 at two helical sites in T4 Lysozyme were determined by X-ray crystallography and the mobility in helical sequences was characterized by EPR spectral lineshape analysis, Saturation Transfer EPR, and Saturation Recovery EPR. In addition, interspin distance measurements between pairs of R9 residues are reported. Collectively, all data indicate that R9 will be useful for monitoring slow internal structural fluctuations, and applications to distance mapping via dipolar spectroscopy and relaxation enhancement methods are anticipated.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: FC02-02ER63421

OSTI ID:: 2202293

Journal Information:: Applied Magnetic Resonance, Journal Name: Applied Magnetic Resonance Vol. 55 Journal Issue: 1-3; ISSN 0937-9347

Publisher:: Springer Science + Business MediaCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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