Exfoliated nanoplatelets of an Aurivillius phase, Bi{sub 3.25}La{sub 0.75}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12}: Characterisation by X-ray diffraction and by high-resolution electron microscopy
- Laboratoire Materiaux et Microelectronique de Provence, CNRS UMR 6137, Universite du Sud Toulon Var, BP 20132, 83957 La Garde Cedex (France)
Nanoparticles of the Aurivillius phase La-substituted BTO (Bi{sub 4-x}La{sub x}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12}, with x=0.75) were obtained through a chemical lithiation process. They have been characterised by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (diffraction and imaging at high resolution). The defect-free particles are platelet-shaped with the c large axis perpendicular to the plane. From high-resolution images, it is clear that the delamination process occurs at the level of the (Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2}){sup 2+} intermediate layer and is destructive for this layer. The smallest thickness measured corresponds to one cell parameter (3.3 nm) but a large range of thicknesses have been observed: this suggests that the lithium insertion does not take place in all (Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2}){sup 2+} layers, despite a large excess of lithium and a long reaction time. This is confirmed by ICP analysis, which leads to a formula Li{sub 0.99}Bi{sub 3.25}La{sub 0.77}Ti{sub 3.00}O{sub 12} for the lithiated compound. This behaviour towards lithium intercalation differs from those observed with BTO in literature, where lithium insertion is reported as occurring in every (Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2}){sup 2+} layer. Possible explanations for this difference are advanced based on microstructural and structural considerations. - Graphical abstract: Bi{sub 3.25}La{sub 0.75}Ti{sub 3}O{sub 12} nanoplatelets, of which the thickness downs to one cell parameter along the c-axis, are obtained through a soft chemical lithiation process followed by exfoliation. Li{sup +} cations intercalate in the intermediate (Bi{sub 2}O{sub 2}){sup 2+} layers. However, not all of them actually accommodate lithium. Moreover, exfoliation is destructive for the host layers.
- OSTI ID:
- 21043909
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 181, Issue 3; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.12.012; PII: S0022-4596(07)00530-0; Copyright (c) 2008 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0022-4596
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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