Light-independent phytoplankton degradation and detoxification of methylmercury in water

Liang, Xujun; Zhong, Huan; Johs, Alexander; Lei, Pei; Zhang, Jin; Taş, Neslihan; Zhang, Lijie; Zhao, Linduo; Zhu, Nali; Yin, Xixiang; Wang, Lihong; Zeng, Eddy Y.; Gao, Yuxi; Zhao, Jiating; Pelletier, Dale A.; Pierce, Eric M.; Gu, Baohua

doi:10.1038/s44221-023-00117-1

Title: Light-independent phytoplankton degradation and detoxification of methylmercury in water

Journal Article · Mon Aug 07 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Nature Water

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-023-00117-1· OSTI ID:2000433

Liang, Xujun ^[1];

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^[4]; Zhang, Jin ^[2]; Taş, Neslihan ^[5];

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^[3]; Wang, Lihong ^[3];

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^[3]; Pierce, Eric M. ^[3];

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Jinan University, Guangzhou (China)
Nanjing University (China)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Nanjing Normal University (China)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL (United States)
Jinan University, Guangzhou (China)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing (China)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Zhejiang University, Hangzhou (China)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Phytoplankton serves as a key entry point for the trophic transfer and bioaccumulation of the neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg) in aquatic food webs. However, it is unclear whether and how phytoplankton itself may degrade and metabolize MeHg in the dark. Here, using several strains of the freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris, the marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis and two cyanobacteria (or blue-green algae), we report a light-independent pathway of MeHg degradation in water by phytoplankton, rather than its associated bacteria. About 36–85% of MeHg could be degraded intracellularly to inorganic Hg(II) and/or Hg(0) via dark reactions. Furthermore, endogenic reactive oxygen species, particularly singlet oxygen, were identified as the main driver of MeHg demethylation. Given the increasing incidence of algal blooms in lakes and marine systems globally, these findings underscore the potential roles of phytoplankton demethylation and detoxification of MeHg in aquatic ecosystems and call for improved modelling and assessment of MeHg bioaccumulation and environmental risks.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; 12222509; 42107383; BK20200322

OSTI ID:: 2000433

Journal Information:: Nature Water, Vol. 1, Issue 8; ISSN 2731-6084

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Mercury
methylmercury degradation
algae
bioaccumulation
reactive oxygen species

Title: Light-independent phytoplankton degradation and detoxification of methylmercury in water

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