Surface-Modified Compressed Expanded Graphite for Increased Salt Hydrate Phase Change Material Thermal Conductivity and Stability

Blackley, Erin; Lai, Trinny; Odukomaiya, Adewale; Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar; Wheeler, Lance M.; Woods, Jason

doi:10.1021/acsaem.3c01223

Title: Surface-Modified Compressed Expanded Graphite for Increased Salt Hydrate Phase Change Material Thermal Conductivity and Stability

Journal Article · Mon Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · ACS Applied Energy Materials

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.3c01223· OSTI ID:1997065

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National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States
National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401 United States

Thermal energy storage (TES) will play an essential role in the push toward efficient, electrified buildings, and phase change materials (PCMs) offer a high potential to fill that need. While organic PCMs have been studied extensively for TES, the literature on inorganic PCMs such as salt hydrates is scarce despite their advantages. Calcium chloride hexahydrate (CaCl₂∙6H₂O, CCH) has a phase transition temperature of interest for buildings' heating/cooling applications but like other salt hydrates, suffers from supercooling, phase separation, and low thermal conductivity. Researchers have proposed strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl₂∙6H₂O, SCH) as an effective lattice-matched nucleating agent for CCH; additionally, porous compressed expanded graphite (EG) offers thermal conductivity enhancement along with form stability. This paper presents the fabrication of a PCM composite consisting of CCH, nucleating agent SCH, and surface-modified EG using a nonionic surfactant, which addresses the concerns related to salt hydrates while providing excellent cycling stability on a larger scale. The contributions of this study include (1) high thermal conductivity (4 +/- 0.2 W/m∙K), (2) a significant reduction in supercooling (less than 1 °C), (3) high composite latent heat (up to 183 J/g), and (4) eliminated phase separation demonstrated via improved cycling stability with no reduction in latent heat for up to 200 cycles.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1997065

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2001486

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5500-85714

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Energy Materials, Journal Name: ACS Applied Energy Materials Vol. 6 Journal Issue: 17; ISSN 2574-0962

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
25 ENERGY STORAGE
expanded graphite
phase separation prevention
salt hydrate phase change material
supercooling mitigation
thermal conductivity enhancement
thermal energy storage

Title: Surface-Modified Compressed Expanded Graphite for Increased Salt Hydrate Phase Change Material Thermal Conductivity and Stability

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