Observation of the Gamma-Ray Binary HESS J0632+057 with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS Telescopes

Journal Article · Fri Dec 24 00:00:00 EST 2021 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac29b7· OSTI ID:1983193

Adams, C. B.; Benbow, W. ; Brill, A.; Buckley, J. H.; Capasso, M.; Chromey, A. J.; Errando, M. ; Falcone, A. ; A Farrell, K.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; M Foote, G.; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Gent, A.; Gillanders, G. H. ; Giuri, C.; Gueta, O. ; Hanna, D. ; Hassan, T. ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J.; Hona, B. ; Humensky, T. B.; Jin, W. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D. ; K Kleiner, T. ; Krennrich, F.; Kumar, S.; Lang, M. J. ; Lundy, M.; Maier, G. ; E McGrath, C.; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nieto, D. ; Nievas-Rosillo, M. ; O’Brien, S. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Patel, S.; Pfrang, K. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, M. ; Prado, R. R.; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T.; Ribeiro, D. ; Roache, E.; Rovero, A. C.; Ryan, J. L. ; Santander, M. ; Schlenstedt, S.; Sembroski, G. H.; Shang, R.; Tak, D. ; Vassiliev, V. V.; Weinstein, A.; Williams, D. A. ; J Williamson, T.; Acciari, V. A. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Arbet Engels, A. ; Artero, M. ; Asano, K. ; Baack, D. ; Babić, A. ; Baquero, A. ; Barres de Almeida, U. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Batković, I. ; Becerra González, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bellizzi, L.; Bernardini, E. ; Bernardos, M.; Berti, A. ; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W. ; Bigongiari, C. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch, O. ; Bökenkamp, H.; Bonnoli, G. ; Bošnjak, Ž. ; Busetto, G. ; Carosi, R. ; Ceribella, G. ; Cerruti, M. ; Chai, Y. ; Chilingarian, A. ; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; D’Amico, G. ; D’Elia, V. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delfino, M. ; Delgado, J. ; Delgado Mendez, C. ; Depaoli, D. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Di Venere, L. ; Do Souto Espiñeira, E. ; Dominis Prester, D. ; Donini, A. ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fallah Ramazani, V. ; Fattorini, A. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Fukami, S. ; Fukazawa, Y. ; García López, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M. ; Giglietto, N. ; Giordano, F. ; Gliwny, P. ; Godinović, N. ; Green, J. G. ; Green, D. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, A. ; Heckmann, L. ; Herrera, J. ; Hoang, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Hütten, M. ; Inada, T. ; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Jiménez Martínez, I. ; Jormanainen, J.; Jouvin, L. ; Karjalainen, M. ; Kerszberg, D. ; Kobayashi, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Lamastra, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Leone, F. ; Lindfors, E. ; Linhoff, L. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; López-Coto, R. ; López-Moya, M. ; López-Oramas, A. ; Loporchio, S. ; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. ; Maggio, C. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallamaci, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M. ; Martínez, M. ; Mazin, D. ; Menchiari, S.; Mender, S. ; Mićanović, S. ; Miceli, D. ; Miener, T. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Molina, E. ; Moralejo, A. ; Morcuende, D. ; Moreno, V. ; Moretti, E. ; Nakamori, T. ; Nava, L. ; Neustroev, V. ; Nigro, C. ; Nilsson, K. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nozaki, S. ; Ohtani, Y. ; Oka, T. ; Otero-Santos, J. ; Paiano, S. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Pavletić, L. ; Peñil, P. ; Persic, M. ; Pihet, M.; Prada Moroni, P. G. ; Prandini, E. ; Priyadarshi, C. ; Puljak, I. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribó, M. ; Rico, J. ; Righi, C. ; Rugliancich, A. ; Saha, L. ; Sahakyan, N. ; Saito, T. ; Sakurai, S. ; Satalecka, K. ; Saturni, F. G. ; Schleicher, B. ; Schmidt, K. ; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J. ; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D. ; Spolon, A. ; Stamerra, A. ; Strišković, J. ; Strom, D. ; Strzys, M. ; Suda, Y. ; Surić, T.; Takahashi, M. ; Takeishi, R.; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzić, T. ; Teshima, M.; Tosti, L.; Truzzi, S.; Tutone, A. ; Ubach, S.; van Scherpenberg, J. ; Vanzo, G. ; Vazquez Acosta, M. ; Ventura, S. ; Verguilov, V. ; Vigorito, C. F. ; Vitale, V. ; Vovk, I. ; Will, M. ; Wunderlich, C. ; Yamamoto, T. ; Zarić, D. ; Abdalla, H.; Aharonian, F. ; Ait Benkhali, F.; Angüner, E. O.; Arcaro, C.; Ashkar, H. ; Backes, M. ; Barbosa Martins, V. ; Barnard, M.; Batzofin, R.; Becherini, Y.; Berge, D. ; Bernlöhr, K. ; Bi, B.; Böttcher, M. ; Boisson, C. ; Bolmont, J.; de Bony de Lavergne, M.; Breuhaus, M. ; Brose, R.; Brun, F. ; Bulik, T. ; Caroff, S. ; Casanova, S. ; Chand, T.; Chen, A. ; Cotter, G. ; Damascenev Mbarubucyeye, J. ; Devin, J.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Egberts, K.; Ernenwein, J. -P.; Fegan, S.; Fiasson, A.; Fichet de Clairfontaine, G. ; Fontaine, G. ; Füßling, M.; Funk, S. ; Gabici, S.; Giavitto, G. ; Glawion, D. ; Glicenstein, J. F. ; Grondin, M. -H. ; Hinton, J. A.; Hofmann, W.; Holch, T. L. ; Holler, M.; Horns, D.; Huang, Zhiqiu; Jamrozy, M. ; Jankowsky, F.; Joshi, V. ; Jung-Richardt, I.; Kasai, E.; Katarzyński, K.; Khélifi, B.; Komin, Nu ; Kosack, K. ; Kostunin, D.; Le Stum, S.; Lemière, A.; Lenain, J. -P. ; Leuschner, F. ; Levy, C.; Lohse, T.; Luashvili, A. ; Lypova, I.; Mackey, J. ; Majumdar, J.; Malyshev, D. ; Marandon, V. ; Marchegiani, P.; Marcowith, A.; Martí-Devesa, G. ; Marx, R. ; Maurin, G.; Meintjes, P. J.; Mitchell, A. ; Moderski, R.; Mohrmann, L. ; Montanari, A. ; Moulin, E. ; Muller, J. ; Murach, T. ; de Naurois, M.; Nayerhoda, A.; Niemiec, J. ; Priyana Noel, A.; O’Brien, P.; Ohm, S. ; Olivera-Nieto, L. ; de Ona Wilhelmi, E.; Ostrowski, M. ; Panny, S. ; Panter, M.; Parsons, R. D. ; Peron, G. ; Poireau, V. ; Prokhorov, D. A.; Prokoph, H.; Pühlhofer, G. ; Punch, M. ; Quirrenbach, A.; Reichherzer, P. ; Reimer, A. ; Reimer, O. ; Renaud, M. ; Rieger, F. ; Romoli, C. ; Rowell, G. ; Rudak, B. ; Rueda Ricarte, H.; Ruiz-Velasco, E. ; Sahakian, V.; Sailer, S.; Salzmann, H.; Sanchez, D. A.; Santangelo, A. ; Sasaki, M. ; Schutte, H. M. ; Schwanke, U. ; Schüssler, F. ; Senniappan, M.; Shapopi, J. S. ; Simoni, R.; Sol, H.; Specovius, A.; Spencer, S. ; Steenkamp, R.; Steinmassl, S.; Sun, L.; Takahashi, T.; Tanaka, T. ; Terrier, R. ; Tsuji, N. ; Uchiyama, Y.; van Eldik, C. ; van Soelen, B.; Veh, J.; Venter, C. ; Vink, J. ; Wagner, S. J. ; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A. ; Wun Wong, Yu; Zacharias, M. ; Zargaryan, D. ; Zdziarski, A. A. ; Zech, A.; Zhu, S. J. ; Zouari, S. ; Żywucka, N. ; Moritani, Y. ; Torres, D. F.

The results of gamma-ray observations of the binary system HESS J0632 + 057 collected during 450 hr over 15 yr, between 2004 and 2019, are presented. Data taken with the atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS at energies above 350 GeV were used together with observations at X-ray energies obtained with Swift-XRT, Chandra, XMM-Newton, NuSTAR, and Suzaku. Some of these observations were accompanied by measurements of the Hα emission line. A significant detection of the modulation of the very high-energy gamma-ray fluxes with a period of 316.7 ± 4.4 days is reported, consistent with the period of 317.3 ± 0.7 days obtained with a refined analysis of X-ray data. The analysis of data from four orbital cycles with dense observational coverage reveals short-timescale variability, with flux-decay timescales of less than 20 days at very high energies. Flux variations observed over a timescale of several years indicate orbit-to-orbit variability. The analysis confirms the previously reported correlation of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from the system at very high significance but cannot find any correlation of optical H$$α$$ parameters with fluxes at X-ray or gamma-ray energies in simultaneous observations. The key finding is that the emission of HESS J0632 + 057 in the X-ray and gamma-ray energy bands is highly variable on different timescales. The ratio of gamma-ray to X-ray flux shows the equality or even dominance of the gamma-ray energy range. This wealth of new data is interpreted taking into account the insufficient knowledge of the ephemeris of the system and discussed in the context of results reported on other gamma-ray binary systems.

• Research Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Centre (NCN); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN); Academy of Finland; Polish National Research Centre; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)
• Contributing Organization: VERITAS Collaboration; MAGIC Collaboration; H.E.S.S. Collaboration
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-05CH11231; 2016/22/M/ST9/00382; PID2019-104114RB-C31; PID2019-104114RB-C32; PID2019-104114RB-C33; PID2019-105510GB-C31,PID2019-107847RB-C41; PID2019-107847RB-C42; PID2019-107988GB-C22; 320045; UMO-2016/22/M/ST9/00382
• OSTI ID: 1983193
• Journal Information: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 923, Issue 2; ISSN 0004-637X
• Publisher: IOP Publishing
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Astronomy & Astrophysics
High energy astrophysics
Gamma-ray sources
Binary stars