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Title: The chemical composition of globular clusters in the Local Group

Journal Article · · Astronomy and Astrophysics
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [5];  [6];  [7]
  1. Radboud University, Nijmegen (Netherlands)
  2. Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg (Germany); Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg (Germany)
  3. Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg (Germany)
  4. Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg (Germany); Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen (Denmark)
  5. Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC (Australia); University of California Observatories, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
  6. San Jose State University, CA (United States); University of California Observatories, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
  7. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

We present detailed chemical abundance measurements for 45 globular clusters (GCs) associated with galaxies in (and, in one case, beyond) the Local Group. The measurements are based on new high-resolution integrated-light spectra of GCs in the galaxies NGC 185, NGC 205, M 31, M 33, and NGC 2403, combined with reanalysis of previously published observations of GCs in the Fornax dSph, WLM, NGC 147, NGC 6822, and the Milky Way. The GCs cover the range -2.8 < [Fe/H] < -0.1 and we determined abundances for Fe, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Ba, and Eu. Corrections for non local thermodynamic equilibrium effects are included for Na, Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, and Ba, building on a recently developed procedure. For several of the galaxies, our measurements provide the first quantitative constraints on the detailed composition of their metal-poor stellar populations. Overall, the GCs in different galaxies exhibit remarkably uniform abundance patterns of the α, iron-peak, and neutron-capture elements, with a dispersion of less than 0.1 dex in [α/Fe] for the full sample. There is a hint that GCs in dwarf galaxies are slightly less α-enhanced (by ~0.04 dex on average) than those in larger galaxies. One GC in M 33 (HM33-B) resembles the most metal-rich GCs in the Fornax dSph (Fornax 4) and NGC 6822 (SC7) by having α-element abundances closer to scaled-solar values, possibly hinting at an accretion origin. A principal components analysis shows that the α-element abundances strongly correlate with those of Na, Sc, Ni, and Zn. Several GCs with [Fe/H] < -1.5 are deficient in Mg compared to other α-elements. We find no GCs with strongly enhanced r-process abundances as reported for metal-poor stars in some ultra-faint dwarfs and the Magellanic Clouds. The similarity of the abundance patterns for metal-poor GCs in different environments points to similar early enrichment histories and only allow for minor variations in the initial mass function.

Research Organization:
US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS); Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE; Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); Max Planck Society; German Research Foundation (DFG); European Union’s Horizon 2020; European Research Council (ERC); Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Japanese Monbukagakusho
Grant/Contract Number:
AST-1616710; 949173
OSTI ID:
1982309
Journal Information:
Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 660; ISSN 0004-6361
Publisher:
EDP SciencesCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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The Chemical Evolution of the ursa Minor Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy journal July 2010
A high-resolution VLT/FLAMES study of individual stars in the centre of the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy journal November 2010
Abundances of neutron-capture elements in thin- and thick-disc stars in the solar neighbourhood journal May 2021
G2C2 – II. Integrated colour–metallicity relations for Galactic globular clusters in SDSS passbands journal November 2013
Can Neutron-star Mergers Explain the r -process Enrichment in Globular Clusters? journal November 2019
The challenge of simultaneously matching the observed diversity of chemical abundance patterns in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations journal September 2021
No Heavy-Element Dispersion in the Globular Cluster m92 journal September 2011
The origin of accreted stellar halo populations in the Milky Way using APOGEE, Gaia , and the EAGLE simulations journal November 2018
Distances to the galaxies M81 and NGC 2403 from CCD I band photometry of Cepheids journal September 1988
The EAGLE project: simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments journal November 2014
Updated BaSTI Stellar Evolution Models and Isochrones. II. α-enhanced Calculations journal February 2021
Abundances of Na, Mg and Al in nearby metal-poor stars journal January 2004
Solar oxygen abundance journal July 2021
The Most Metal-poor Stars in the Magellanic Clouds Are r-process Enhanced* journal November 2021
The Large-scale Structure of the Halo of the Andromeda Galaxy. II. Hierarchical Structure in the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey journal November 2018
Abundances in globular cluster red giants. I - M3 and M13 journal July 1978
Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters in the Fornax Dwarf Galaxy journal March 2003
Infrared High-Resolution Integrated Light Spectral Analyses of m31 Globular Clusters from Apogee journal September 2016
The Stellar Population Histories of Early-Type Galaxies. II. Controlling Parameters of the Stellar Populations journal July 2000
A spectroscopic atlas of the HgMn star HD 175640 (B9 V) $\lambda\lambda$ 3040–10 000 Å journal September 2004
Chemical abundances of globular clusters in NGC 5128 (Centaurus A) journal February 2018
The Discovery of Remote Globular Clusters in m33 journal May 2009
Detailed abundances from integrated-light spectroscopy: Milky Way globular clusters journal May 2017
Non-LTE Analysis of the Sodium Abundance of Metal-Poor Stars in the Galactic Disk and Halo journal August 2003
Elemental Abundances in M31: Iron and Alpha Element Abundances in M31’s Outer Halo journal June 2020
The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars journal September 1989
A Catalog of Parameters for Globular Clusters in the Milky Way journal October 1996
Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 Photometry of M33: Properties of the Halo Star Clusters and Surrounding Fields* journal November 2000
First stars XII. Abundances in extremely metal-poor turnoff stars, and comparison with the giants journal April 2009
The [ /Fe] ratios of very metal-poor stars within the integrated galactic initial mass function theory journal November 2013
Introducing the Illustris project: the evolution of galaxy populations across cosmic time journal September 2014
VLT/UVES spectroscopy of individual stars in three globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy journal June 2006
Na, Mg and Al abundances as a population discriminant for nearby metal-poor stars journal May 2006
The Epochs of Early‐Type Galaxy Formation as a Function of Environment journal March 2005
Accuracy and Precision of Industrial Stellar Abundances journal August 2019
Detailed abundance analysis from integrated high-dispersion spectroscopy: globular clusters in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal journal October 2012
On the differences between globular clusters and spheroidal populations in three elliptical galaxies journal April 1981

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79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
galaxies
star clusters
abundances
evolution
spectroscopic