skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: D -meson semileptonic decays to pseudoscalars from four-flavor lattice QCD

Journal Article · · Physical Review. D.
; ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ; ; ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ; ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ; ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ORCiD logo

We present lattice-QCD calculations of the hadronic form factors for the semileptonic decays D → πℓν, D → Kℓν, and Ds → Kℓν. Our calculation uses the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action for all valence and sea quarks and includes Nf = 2 + 1 + 1 MILC ensembles with lattice spacings ranging from a ≈ 0.12 fm down to 0.042 fm. At most lattice spacings, an ensemble with physical-mass light quarks is included. The HISQ action allows all the quarks to be treated with the same relativistic light-quark action, allowing for nonperturbative renormalization using partial conservation of the vector current. We combine our results with experimental measurements of the differential decay rates to determine |Vcd|D → π = 0.2238(11)Expt (15)QCD (04)EW (02)SIB[22]QED and |Vcs|D → K = 0.9589 (23)Expt (40)QCD (15)EW (05)SIB[95]QED. This result for |Vcd| is the most precise to date, with a lattice-QCD error that is, for the first time for the semileptonic extraction, at the same level as the experimental error. Using recent measurements from BES III, we also give the first-ever determination of |Vcd|Ds → K = 0.258(15)Expt (01)QCD[03]QED from Ds → Klν. Our results also furnish new Standard Model calculations of the lepton flavor universality ratios $$R$$$^{D → π}_{μ/e}$$ = 0.98671(17)QCD[500]QED, $$R$$$^{D → π}_{μ/e}$$ = 0.97606(16)QCD[500]QED, and $$R$$$^{D → π}_{μ/e}$$ = 0.98099(10)QCD[500]QED, which are consistent within 2σ with experimental measurements. Our extractions of |Vcd| and |Vcs|, when combined with a value for |Vcb|, provide the most precise test of second-row Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity, finding agreement with unitarity at the level of one standard deviation.

Research Organization:
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
Fermilab Lattice; MILC; Fermilab Lattice and MILC Collaborations
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0010120; SC0011090; SC0021006; SC0015655; SC0010005; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-06CH11357; AC05-00OR22725; AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1975874
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1915401; OSTI ID: 1975797
Report Number(s):
MIT-CTP/5513; FERMILAB-PUB-22-943-T; arXiv:2212.12648; PRVDAQ; 094516
Journal Information:
Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Vol. 107 Journal Issue: 9; ISSN 2470-0010
Publisher:
American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (156)

Observation of the Top Quark journal April 1995
CP violation and the CKM matrix: assessing the impact of the asymmetric B factories journal May 2005
Effective noise reduction techniques for disconnected loops in Lattice QCD journal September 2010
Charmed and light pseudoscalar meson decay constants from four-flavor lattice QCD with physical light quarks journal October 2014
Neutral B -meson mixing from full lattice QCD at the physical point journal November 2019
Lattice QCD determination of neutron-antineutron matrix elements with physical quark masses journal April 2019
B - and D -meson leptonic decay constants from four-flavor lattice QCD journal October 2018
Improved measurement of the absolute branching fraction of $$D^{+}\rightarrow \bar{K}^0 \mu ^{+}\nu _{\mu }$$ D + → K ¯ 0 μ + ν μ journal July 2016
Erratum: Measurement of the D * ( 2010 ) + natural linewidth and the D * ( 2010 ) + D 0 mass difference [Phys. Rev. D 88 , 052003 (2013)] journal October 2013
Spectroscopy of the New Mesons journal February 1975
Heavy-light semileptonic decays in staggered chiral perturbation theory journal July 2007
Gradient flow and scale setting on MILC HISQ ensembles journal May 2016
Spectrum of Charmed Quark-Antiquark Bound States journal February 1975
Erratum: Model-independent description of B π l ν decays and a determination of | V u b | [Phys. Rev. DPRVDAQ1550-7998 79 , 013008 (2009)] journal November 2010
High-precision quark masses and QCD coupling from n f = 4 lattice QCD journal March 2015
B s K ν form factors from lattice QCD journal September 2014
Leptonic decay constants f K , f D , and f D s with N f = 2 + 1 + 1 twisted-mass lattice QCD journal March 2015
Observation of B0-B0 mixing journal June 1987
Decay B π ν in heavy quark effective theory journal March 1994
B π and B K transitions in partially quenched chiral perturbation theory journal October 2003
Comparison of lattice QCD + QED predictions for radiative leptonic decays of light mesons with experimental data journal March 2021
Theoretical estimate of the <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd" xmlns:sa="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-aff/dtd"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>D</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>⁎</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:mi>D</mml:mi><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:math> decay rate journal April 2013
Radiative Corrections to K e 3 0 Decays and the Δ I = 1 2 Rule journal July 1968
An Empirical Distribution Function for Sampling with Incomplete Information journal December 1955
γ W Box Inside Out: Nuclear Polarizabilities Distort the Beta Decay Spectrum journal July 2019
Vector and axial-vector couplings of D and D⁎ mesons in <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:math> flavor lattice QCD journal February 2013
Scalar and vector form factors of D π ( K ) ν decays with N f = 2 + 1 + 1 twisted fermions journal September 2017
Axial Couplings and Strong Decay Widths of Heavy Hadrons journal April 2012
Staggered chiral perturbation theory for heavy-light mesons journal January 2006
Weak Interactions with Lepton-Hadron Symmetry journal October 1970
Observation of Top Quark Production in p ¯ p Collisions with the Collider Detector at Fermilab journal April 1995
Precise Determination of | V u s | from Lattice Calculations of Pseudoscalar Decay Constants journal December 2004
Charm semileptonic decays and |Vcs(d)| from heavy clover quarks and 2+1 flavor asqtad staggered ensembles
  • Bailey, Jon; Du, Daping; El-Khadra, Aida X.
  • Proceedings of The 30th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory — PoS(Lattice 2012) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.164.0272
conference December 2012
Improved measurements of D meson semileptonic decays to π and K mesons journal August 2009
Elementary particles and SU(4) journal August 1964
FLAG Review 2021 journal October 2022
Is Bound Charm Found? journal January 1975
Toward accurate form factors for B -to-light meson decay from lattice QCD journal May 2021
Measurements of the dependence of the and form factors journal February 2005
Radiative corrections to neutron and nuclear beta decays revisited journal October 2019
Soft-Photon Corrections to B ¯ D τ ν ¯ τ Relative to B ¯ D μ ν ¯ μ journal June 2018
Erratum: Scalar and vector form factors of Dπ(K)ν decays with Nf=2+1+1 twisted fermions [Phys. Rev. D 96 , 054514 (2017)] journal October 2019
Improved Vcs determination using precise lattice QCD form factors for DKν journal August 2021
New UTfit analysis of the unitarity triangle in the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa scheme journal February 2023
Rotated twisted-mass: a convenient regularization scheme for isospin breaking QCD and QED lattice calculations journal September 2021
| V u b | from B π ν decays and ( 2 + 1 )-flavor lattice QCD journal July 2015
A well-conditioned estimator for large-dimensional covariance matrices journal February 2004
Lattice QCD ensembles with four flavors of highly improved staggered quarks journal March 2013
B and D meson decay constants in lattice QCD journal June 1998
Review of Particle Physics journal August 2020
Flavour breaking effects in the pseudoscalar meson decay constants journal April 2017
D meson semileptonic form factors in Nf = 3 QCD with Möbius domain-wall quarks journal January 2018
Analysis of D + K ¯ 0 e + ν e and D + π 0 e + ν e semileptonic decays journal July 2017
Frontera: The Evolution of Leadership Computing at the National Science Foundation conference July 2020
B s K ν decay from lattice QCD journal August 2019
Virtual photon emission in leptonic decays of charged pseudoscalar mesons journal June 2022
Massive fermions in lattice gauge theory journal April 1997
Dispersive evaluation of the inner radiative correction in neutron and nuclear β decay journal July 2019
Semileptonic D-decays and Lattice QCD
  • Haas, Benjamin; Becirevic, Damir; Mescia, Federico
  • Proceedings of The XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory — PoS(LATTICE 2007) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.042.0355
conference March 2008
B π and B K transitions in standard and quenched chiral perturbation theory journal March 2003
Averages of b -hadron, c -hadron, and τ -lepton properties as of 2021 journal March 2023
Review of Particle Physics journal August 2022
| V u s | from K ℓ 3 decay and four-flavor lattice QCD journal June 2019
Measurement of the D * ( 2010 ) + Meson Width and the D * ( 2010 ) + D 0 Mass Difference journal September 2013
Erratum: Scalar and vector form factors of D π ( K ) ν decays with N f = 2 + 1 + 1 twisted fermions [Phys. Rev. D 96 , 054514 (2017)] journal May 2019
Leptonic decay-constant ratio f K / f π from lattice QCD using 2 + 1 clover-improved fermion flavors with 2-HEX smearing journal March 2017
Kaon decays in the standard model journal March 2012
Bayesian curve fitting for lattice gauge theorists journal May 2002
V u s from π and K decay constants in full lattice QCD with physical u , d , s , and c quarks journal October 2013
Model-independent description of B π l ν decays and a determination of | V u b | journal January 2009
Determination of f + π ( 0 ) or extraction of | V cd | from semileptonic D decays journal April 2015
First Lattice Calculation of the QED Corrections to Leptonic Decay Rates journal February 2018
Tensor form factor of D π ( K ) ν and D π ( K ) decays with N f = 2 + 1 + 1 twisted-mass fermions journal July 2018
K3 form factors at the physical point: Toward the continuum limit journal November 2022
QED corrections to hadronic processes in lattice QCD journal April 2015
Electroweak axial structure functions and improved extraction of the V u d CKM matrix element journal August 2021
Lattice fermions: Species doubling, chiral invariance and the triangle anomaly journal May 1981
<mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">SU</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> chiral perturbation theory for <mml:math altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msub><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math> decay amplitudes journal May 2009
B π l ν semileptonic form factor from three-flavor lattice QCD: A model-independent determination of | V ub | journal March 2009
Spectrum of Charmed Quark-Antiquark Bound States. journal May 1976
QCD at fixed topology journal May 2003
D K , l ν semileptonic decay scalar form factor and | V c s | from lattice QCD journal December 2010
Complete theory of radiative corrections to Kℓ3 decays and the Vus update journal July 2022
Study of dynamics of D 0 K e + ν e and D 0 π e + ν e decays journal October 2015
Determination of $$f_+^K(0)$$ f + K ( 0 ) and extraction of $$|V_{cs}|$$ | V c s | from semileptonic $$D$$ D decays journal January 2015
Discovery of a Narrow Resonance in e + e Annihilation journal December 1974
D π , l ν semileptonic decays, | V c d | and second row unitarity from lattice QCD journal December 2011
BK and DK form factors from fully relativistic lattice QCD journal January 2023
Update: Precision D s decay constant from full lattice QCD using very fine lattices journal December 2010
Radiative corrections and semileptonic B decays journal March 1990
First measurement of Γ ( D * + ) and precision measurement of m D * + m D 0 journal January 2002
The D to K and D to pi semileptonic decay form factors from Lattice QCD conference July 2012
Experimental Observation of a Heavy Particle J journal December 1974
Waiting for the top quark mass, K + π + νν¯, B s 0 - B ¯ s 0 mixing, and CP asymmetries in B decays journal September 1994
Topological susceptibility in staggered fermion chiral perturbation theory journal October 2004
XSEDE: Accelerating Scientific Discovery journal September 2014
B * B π coupling using relativistic heavy quarks journal January 2016
Hard pion chiral perturbation theory for and formfactors journal November 2010
Vector formfactors in hard pion Chiral Perturbation Theory journal May 2011
Precision lattice QCD computation of the B B π coupling journal January 2015
Renormalized Ward-Takahashi relations and topological susceptibility with staggered fermions journal March 1988
Evaluation of fermion loops applied to the calculation of the mass and the nucleon scalar and electromagnetic form factors journal June 2012
B - and D -meson decay constants from three-flavor lattice QCD journal June 2012
Erratum to “Hard pion chiral perturbation theory for B π and D π formfactors” [Nucl. Phys. B 840 (2010) 54–66] journal March 2011
Calculation of the heavy-hadron axial couplings g 1 , g 2 , and g 3 using lattice QCD journal June 2012
Constraints on Form Factors for Exclusive Semileptonic Heavy to Light Meson Decays journal June 1995
D meson semileptonic decay form factors at $q^2 = 0$ conference May 2019
Highly improved staggered quarks on the lattice with applications to charm physics journal March 2007
High-precision determination of the K3 radiative corrections journal September 2021
B D * l ν and B D l ν form factors in staggered chiral perturbation theory journal March 2006
Study of the D 0 K μ + ν μ Dynamics and Test of Lepton Flavor Universality with D 0 K + ν Decays journal January 2019
Measurement of the Branching Fraction For the Semileptonic Decay D 0 ( + ) π ( 0 ) μ + ν μ and Test of Lepton Flavor Universality journal October 2018
Electromagnetic effects in K ℓ3 decays journal November 2008
First lattice calculation of radiative leptonic decay rates of pseudoscalar mesons journal January 2021
Light-meson leptonic decay rates in lattice QCD + QED journal August 2019
Semileptonic Decays of D Mesons in Three-Flavor Lattice QCD journal January 2005
Lattice Scales from Gradient Flow and Chiral Analysis on the MILC Collaboration's HISQ Ensembles text January 2018
PHOTOS Monte Carlo: a precision tool for QED correctionsin Z and W decays journal January 2006
D meson semileptonic form factors with HISQ valence and sea quarks
  • Primer, Thomas; Bazavov, Alexei; Bernard, Claude
  • Proceedings of 34th annual International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory — PoS(LATTICE2016) https://doi.org/10.22323/1.256.0305
conference March 2017
Matching lattice and continuum axial-vector and vector currents with nonrelativistic QCD and highly improved staggered quarks journal February 2013
Bayesian model averaging for analysis of lattice field theory results journal June 2021
Heavy Quarks and e + e Annihilation journal January 1975
F K / F π from Möbius domain-wall fermions solved on gradient-flowed HISQ ensembles journal August 2020
Improved Ke3 radiative corrections sharpen the Kμ2–Kl3 discrepancy journal November 2021
Constrained curve fitting journal March 2002
K π semileptonic form factors with N f = 2 + 1 + 1 twisted mass fermions journal June 2016
PHOTOS - a universal Monte Carlo for QED radiative corrections: version 2.0 journal April 1994
Measurement of the D 0 π e + ν e differential decay branching fraction as a function of q 2 and study of form factor parametrizations journal March 2015
The decay constants fD and f D s $$ {f}_{D_s} $$ in the continuum limit of Nf = 2 + 1 domain wall lattice QCD journal December 2017
Scaling studies of QCD with the dynamical highly improved staggered quark action journal October 2010
Heavy meson chiral perturbation theory in finite volume journal July 2004
Measurement of the D * ( 2010 ) + natural linewidth and the D * ( 2010 ) + D 0 mass difference journal September 2013
Search for charm journal April 1975
Large mW, mZ behaviour of the O(α) corrections to semileptonic processes mediated by W journal March 1982
Measurement of D 0 π l ν ( K l ν ) Form Factors and Absolute Branching Fractions journal August 2006
Scrutinizing CKM unitarity with a new measurement of the K3/K2 branching fraction journal March 2023
The kaon semileptonic form factor in N f = 2 + 1 domain wall lattice QCD with physical light quark masses journal June 2015
Light pseudoscalar decay constants, quark masses, and low energy constants from three-flavor lattice QCD journal December 2004
Extraction of $$|V_{cd}|$$ | V cd | and $$|V_{cs}|$$ | V cs | from experimental decay rates using lattice QCD $$D \rightarrow \pi (K) \ell \nu $$ D → π ( K ) ℓ ν form factors journal June 2018
Reduced Hadronic Uncertainty in the Determination of V u d journal December 2018
Evidence for top quark production in p ¯ p collisions at √ s =1.8 TeV journal September 1994
Effects of nonequilibrated topological charge distributions on pseudoscalar meson masses and decay constants journal April 2018
B ( s ) 0 -mixing matrix elements from lattice QCD for the Standard Model and beyond journal June 2016
First Measurement of the Form Factors in D s + K 0 e + ν e and D s + K * 0 e + ν e Decays journal February 2019
Spectrum of Dirac operator and role of winding number in QCD journal December 1992
Chiral perturbation theory for all-staggered heavy-light mesons journal November 2013
| V c d | from D meson leptonic decays journal September 2012
Experimental determination of $V_{us}$ from kaon decays conference June 2017
Radiative Corrections toKe30Decays and theΔI=12Rule journal October 1968
Measurement of the hadronic form factor in D 0 K e + ν e decays journal September 2007
Impacts of radiative corrections on measurements of lepton flavour universality in $${B} \rightarrow {D} \ell {{\nu } _\ell } $$ decays journal September 2019
Heavy top-quark mass predictions journal June 1989
B K l + l decay form factors from three-flavor lattice QCD journal January 2016
Joint lattice QCD–dispersion theory analysis confirms the quark-mixing top-row unitarity deficit journal June 2020
Superallowed 0 + 0 + nuclear β decays: 2020 critical survey, with implications for V ud and CKM unitarity journal October 2020
Glueball masses and string tension in lattice QCD journal June 1987