Lithological controls on soil geochemistry and clay mineralogy across Spodosols in the coastal temperate rainforest of southeast Alaska

Spinola, Diogo; Portes, Raquel; Fedenko, Jennifer; Lybrand, Rebecca; Dere, Ashlee; Biles, Frances; Trainor, Thomas; Bowden, Mark E.; D'Amore, David

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116211

Title: Lithological controls on soil geochemistry and clay mineralogy across Spodosols in the coastal temperate rainforest of southeast Alaska

Journal Article · Wed Oct 26 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Geoderma

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116211· OSTI ID:1975256

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^[2]; Fedenko, Jennifer ^[3]; Lybrand, Rebecca ^[4];

^[5];

^[6]; Trainor, Thomas ^[7];

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Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States); US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Juneau, AK (United States). Pacific Northwest Research Station
Bates College, Lewiston, ME (United States)
Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Univ. of Nebraska, Omaha, NE (United States)
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Juneau, AK (United States). Pacific Northwest Research Station
Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

The interaction of similar soil forming factors with different parent materials determines soil chemical weathering, influencing soil processes and properties. In the coastal temperate rainforests of southeast Alaska, Spodosols is the dominant soil order in well-drained parent materials regardless of the lithology. Yet, the role of lithology on chemical weathering, base cation depletion, and mineral transformation during pedogenesis remains elusive. Here, we established a lithosequence comprised of soils derived from tonalite, phyllite, slate, and metavolcanic rocks to test the hypothesis that despite the soils in southeast Alaska presenting similar taxonomy and morphology, the influence of lithology in chemical weathering intensity and mineralogy can be detected. We evaluated physicochemical properties, clay mineralogy, Fe-Al oxides, chemical weathering, and elemental mass balance on eleven Spodosols sampled along the lithosequence. We also propose a new weathering index, the Weathering Index for Spodosols (WISP), suitable to evaluate the weathering degree of soils with Al mobility and base-rich parent materials. This index fills a gap in traditional weathering indices that uses Al as an immobile element and/or does not evaluate the leaching of main base cations. We found the pedons across the lithosequence expressed similar physicochemical properties, with predominantly thick profiles, presenting andic properties, relatively thick spodic horizons, and thin E horizons. Podzolization imposed similar mineral transformation trends, mainly dissolution of chlorite, mica alteration to interstratified mica-vermiculite, and formation of smectite in E horizons. Kaolinite was detected in the soils from all lithologies, but only in trace amounts in phyllite soils. Fe oxides depth distribution was similar but with a higher concentration in the slate (44.5 ± 4.2 g/kg), followed by metavolcanic (31.6 ± 4.0 g/kg), phyllite (27.9 ± 3.8 g/kg), and tonalite soils (19.9 ± 5.7 g/kg) and predominantly as organometallic complexes (extracted by Na-pyrophosphate). The stronger weathering of chlorite and mica in the E horizons was reflected in larger losses of Mg and K, while Ca and Na were more depleted in the spodic horizons, suggesting plagioclase weathering. Slate soils were the most depleted in base cations, followed by phyllite, tonalite, and metavolcanic soils. The more depleted status of slate soils was supported by the higher WISP values (WISP = 62), followed by phyllite (WISP = 55), tonalite (WISP = 53), and metavolcanic soils (WISP = 45). Our results demonstrated that lithology controlled elemental depletion intensities, Fe oxide concentrations, and partially the clay fraction mineralogy in addition to podzolization acting as a dominant pedogenic process across all sites. These findings advance our understanding of the role of lithology on soil mineralogy/geochemistry that impacts critical soil functions, such as the soil carbon cycle, elemental fluxes, organo-mineral interactions, and solid-solution reactions.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1975256

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-184413

Journal Information:: Geoderma, Vol. 428; ISSN 0016-7061

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Conference · Tue Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1994 · Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs; (United States) · OSTI ID:1975256

Huntsman, J R

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54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
lithosequence
podzolization
spodosols
chemical weathering
mineral transformation
coastal temperate rainforest

Title: Lithological controls on soil geochemistry and clay mineralogy across Spodosols in the coastal temperate rainforest of southeast Alaska

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