Autonomous scanning probe microscopy with hypothesis learning: Exploring the physics of domain switching in ferroelectric materials

Liu, Yongtao; Morozovska, Anna N.; Eliseev, Eugene A.; Kelley, Kyle P.; Vasudevan, Rama; Ziatdinov, Maxim; Kalinin, Sergei V.

doi:10.1016/j.patter.2023.100704

Title: Autonomous scanning probe microscopy with hypothesis learning: Exploring the physics of domain switching in ferroelectric materials

Journal Article · Fri Mar 10 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Patterns

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2023.100704· OSTI ID:1961833

^[1]; Morozovska, Anna N. ^[2]; Eliseev, Eugene A. ^[2]; Kelley, Kyle P. ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Kyiv (Ukraine)

Using hypothesis-learning-driven automated scanning probe microscopy (SPM), we explore the bias-induced transformations that underpin the functionality of broad classes of devices and materials from batteries and memristors to ferroelectrics and antiferroelectrics. Optimization and design of these materials require probing the mechanisms of these transformations on the nanometer scale as a function of a broad range of control parameters, leading to experimentally intractable scenarios. Meanwhile, often these behaviors are understood within potentially competing theoretical hypotheses. Here, we develop a hypothesis list covering possible limiting scenarios for domain growth in ferroelectric materials, including thermodynamic, domain-wall pinning, and screening limited. The hypothesis-driven SPM autonomously identifies the mechanisms of bias-induced domain switching, and the results indicate that domain growth is ruled by kinetic control. We note that the hypothesis learning can be broadly used in other automated experiment settings.

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Research Organization:: Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021118; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1961833

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1965272

Journal Information:: Patterns, Vol. 4, Issue 3; ISSN 2666-3899

Publisher:: Cell PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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