SLAC microresonator RF(SMuRF) electronics: A tone-tracking readout system for superconducting microwave resonator arrays

Yu, Cyndia; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Frisch, Josef C.; Henderson, Shawn W.; Silva-Feaver, Max; Arnold, Kam; Brown, David; Connors, Jake; Cukierman, Ari J.; D’Ewart, J. Mitch; Dober, Bradley J.; Dusatko, John E.; Haller, Gunther; Herbst, Ryan; Hilton, Gene C.; Hubmayr, Johannes; Irwin, Kent D.; Kuo, Chao-Lin; Mates, John B.; Ruckman, Larry; Ullom, Joel; Vale, Leila; Van Winkle, Daniel D.; Vasquez, Jesus; Young, Edward

doi:10.1063/5.0125084

Title: SLAC microresonator RF(SMuRF) electronics: A tone-tracking readout system for superconducting microwave resonator arrays

Journal Article · Fri Jan 27 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0125084· OSTI ID:1960028

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Stanford University, CA (United States); Stanford University, CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology
Stanford University, CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
University of California, San Diego, CA (United States)
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)
Stanford University, CA (United States); Stanford University, CA (United States). Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Here, we describe the newest generation of the SLAC Microresonator RF (SMuRF) electronics, a warm digital control and readout system for microwave-frequency resonator-based cryogenic detector and multiplexer systems, such as microwave superconducting quantum interference device multiplexers (μmux) or microwave kinetic inductance detectors. Ultra-sensitive measurements in particle physics and astronomy increasingly rely on large arrays of cryogenic sensors, which in turn necessitate highly multiplexed readout and accompanying room-temperature electronics. Microwave-frequency resonators are a popular tool for cryogenic multiplexing, with the potential to multiplex thousands of detector channels on one readout line. The SMuRF system provides the capability for reading out up to 3328 channels across a 4–8 GHz bandwidth. Notably, the SMuRF system is unique in its implementation of a closed-loop tone-tracking algorithm that minimizes RF power transmitted to the cold amplifier, substantially relaxing system linearity requirements and effective noise from intermodulation products. Here, we present a description of the hardware, firmware, and software systems of the SMuRF electronics, comparing achieved performance with science-driven design requirements. In particular, we focus on the case of large-channel-count, low-bandwidth applications, but the system has been easily reconfigured for high-bandwidth applications. The system described here has been successfully deployed in lab settings and field sites around the world and is baselined for use on upcoming large-scale observatories.

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Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; SC0014664; 1656518

OSTI ID:: 1960028

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1922541; OSTI ID: 2204839

Journal Information:: Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 94, Issue 1; ISSN 0034-6748

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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