Prospects for development of automotive fuels with improved ecological properties
- and others
The continuous growth of the automotive fleet, which numbered about 0.5 billion vehicles in 1993, has consumed major fuel and energy resources and created a serious problem in pollution of the air basin with exhaust gases. In Russia today, more than 30% of all pollutants released to the ambient medium can be attributed to automotive transport. In major cities, automotive vehicles contribute as much as 80% of all pollution. In Moscow, for example, the annual exhaust gas emissions include more than 750,000 tonnes of carbon monoxide, more than 50,000 tonnes of hydrocarbons, more than 70,000 tonnes of nitrogen oxides, and more than 2,000 tonnes of solid particles. Any improvement of the ecological indexes of automotive vehicles must involve the combined efforts of engine manufacturers, petroleum industry personnel, chemmotologists, and vehicle operators. Some purely arbitrary terms have appeared in recent years, such as {open_quotes}ecologically clean{close_quotes} automotive vehicles, fuels, lubricants, and fluids. The drop in total volume of oil produced and refined in our country has stimulated efforts to solve problems of economy and rational utilization of crude oil, and to improve the ecological products of fuels and lubricants. In the world petroleum market, today, as never before, ecologically clean products are highly valued. In the development of new types of fuels, ecological requirements are placed on a par with requirements imposed by engine design, engine operating conditions, and economics. The increased costs in producing specially developed fuels are compensated by their improved ecological properties. In the United States, for example, a required component of the so-called reformulated (or modified) gasolines EC-1 and EC-X is oxygen, which is introduced in amounts of 1.0-2.7% (in the form of oxygen-containing organic compounds) in order to reduce the harmful effects of emissions to the atmosphere.
- OSTI ID:
- 191799
- Journal Information:
- Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, Vol. 29, Issue 11-12; Other Information: PBD: Jul 1994; TN: Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel; No. 11, 4-7(Nov 1993)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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