Decreasing ultrafast x-ray pulse durations with saturable absorption and resonant transitions

Cardoch, Sebastian; Trost, Fabian; Scott, Howard A.; Chapman, Henry N.; Caleman, Carl; Timneanu, Nicusor

doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.107.015205

Title: Decreasing ultrafast x-ray pulse durations with saturable absorption and resonant transitions

Journal Article · Tue Jan 17 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Physical Review. E

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.107.015205· OSTI ID:1909713

;

; Caleman, Carl;

Saturable absorption is a nonlinear effect where a material's ability to absorb light is frustrated due to a high influx of photons and the creation of electron vacancies. Experimentally induced saturable absorption in copper revealed a reduction in the temporal duration of transmitted x-ray laser pulses, but a detailed account of changes in opacity and emergence of resonances is still missing. In this computational work, we employ nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium plasma simulations to study the interaction of femtosecond x rays and copper. Following the onset of frustrated absorption, we find that a K–M resonant transition occurring at highly charged states turns copper opaque again. The changes in absorption generate a transient transparent window responsible for the shortened transmission signal. We also propose using fluorescence induced by the incident beam as an alternative source to achieve shorter x-ray pulses. Intense femtosecond x rays are valuable to probe the structure and dynamics of biological samples or to reach extreme states of matter. Shortened pulses could be relevant for emerging imaging techniques.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); Swedish Research Council (SRC); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; 2019-03935; 2018- 00740

OSTI ID:: 1909713

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1969162

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-845838; PLEEE8; 015205

Journal Information:: Physical Review. E, Journal Name: Physical Review. E Vol. 107 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2470-0045

Publisher:: American Physical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Decreasing ultrafast x-ray pulse durations with saturable absorption and resonant transitions

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