Comparative Analyses of Three Chlorella Species in Response to Light and Sugar Reveal Distinctive Lipid Accumulation Patterns in the Microalga C. sorokiniana

Rosenberg, Julian N.; Kobayashi, Naoko; Barnes, Austin; Noel, Eric A.; Betenbaugh, Michael J.; Oyler, George A.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092460

Title: Comparative Analyses of Three Chlorella Species in Response to Light and Sugar Reveal Distinctive Lipid Accumulation Patterns in the Microalga C. sorokiniana

Journal Article · Thu Apr 03 00:00:00 EDT 2014 · PLoS ONE

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0092460· OSTI ID:1904793

Rosenberg, Julian N. ^[1]; Kobayashi, Naoko ^[2]; Barnes, Austin ^[2]; Noel, Eric A. ^[2]; Betenbaugh, Michael J. ^[3]; Oyler, George A. ^[4]

Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States); Synaptic Research, LLC, Baltimore, MD (United States)
Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States)
Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States); Synaptic Research, LLC, Baltimore, MD (United States); Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE (United States)

While photosynthetic microalgae, such as Chlorella, serve as feedstocks for nutritional oils and biofuels, heterotrophic cultivation can augment growth rates, support high cell densities, and increase triacylglycerol (TAG) lipid content. However, these species differ significantly in their photoautotrophic and heterotrophic characteristics. In this study, the phylogeny of thirty Chlorella strains was determined in order to inform bioprospecting efforts and detailed physiological assessment of three species. The growth kinetics and lipid biochemistry of C. protothecoides UTEX 411, C. vulgaris UTEX 265, and C. sorokiniana UTEX 1230 were quantified during photoautotrophy in Bold's basal medium (BBM) and heterotrophy in BBM supplemented with glucose (10 g L^–1). Heterotrophic growth rates of UTEX 411, 265, and 1230 were found to be 1.5-, 3.7-, and 5-fold higher than their respective autotrophic rates. With a rapid nine-hour heterotrophic doubling time, Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1230 maximally accumulated 39% total lipids by dry weight during heterotrophy compared to 18% autotrophically. Furthermore, the discrete fatty acid composition of each strain was examined in order to elucidate lipid accumulation patterns under the two trophic conditions. In both modes of growth, UTEX 411 and 265 produced 18:1 as the principal fatty acid while UTEX 1230 exhibited a 2.5-fold enrichment in 18:2 relative to 18:1. Although the total lipid content was highest in UTEX 411 during heterotrophy, UTEX 1230 demonstrated a two-fold increase in its heterotrophic TAG fraction at a rate of 28.9 mg L^–1 d^–1 to reach 22% of the biomass, corresponding to as much as 90% of its total lipids. Interestingly, UTEX 1230 growth was restricted during mixotrophy and its TAG production rate was suppressed to 18.2 mg L^–1 d^–1. This constraint on carbon flow raises intriguing questions about the impact of sugar and light on the metabolic regulation of microalgal lipid biosynthesis.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States); Synaptic Research, LLC, Baltimore, MD (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0003373; SC0004521; NSF-EFRI-1302862

OSTI ID:: 1904793

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 4; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Prediction of Bioactive Peptides from Chlorella sorokiniana Proteins Using Proteomic Techniques in Combination with Bioinformatics Analyses Tejano, Lhumen A.; Peralta, Jose P.; Yap, Encarnacion Emilia S. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 20, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071786	journal	April 2019
A Non-Vector Approach to Increase Lipid Levels in the Microalga Planktochlorella nurekis Szpyrka, Ewa; Broda, Daniel; Oklejewicz, Bernadetta Molecules, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020270	journal	January 2020

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