Design of an arrangement of cubic magnets for a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator experiment

Hammond, Kenneth C.; Zhu, Caoxiang; Corrigan, K.; Gates, David A.; Lown, R.; Mercurio, R.; Qian, Tony M.; Zarnstorff, Michael C.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ac906e

Title: Design of an arrangement of cubic magnets for a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator experiment

Journal Article · Tue Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac906e· OSTI ID:1899097

^[1];

^[2]; Corrigan, K. ^[1];

^[1]; Lown, R. ^[3]; Mercurio, R. ^[3];

^[1];

^[1]

Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei (China)
SABR Enterprises, LLC, North Andover, MA (United States)

The usage of permanent magnets to shape the confining magnetic field of a stellarator has the potential to reduce or eliminate the need for non-planar coils. As a proof-of-concept for this idea, here we have developed a procedure for designing an array of cubic permanent magnets that works in tandem with a set of toroidal-field (TF) coils to confine a stellarator plasma. All of the magnets in the design are constrained to have identical geometry and one of three polarization types in order to simplify fabrication while still producing sufficient field accuracy. We present some of the key steps leading to the design, including the geometric arrangement of the magnets around the device, the procedure for optimizing the polarizations according to the three allowable magnet types, and the choice of magnet types to be used. We apply these methods to design an array of rare-Earth permanent magnets that can be paired with a set of planar TF coils to confine a quasi-axisymmetric plasma with a toroidal magnetic field strength of about 0.5 T on axis.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 1899097

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 12; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (30)

New method to design stellarator coils without the winding surface Zhu, Caoxiang; Hudson, Stuart R.; Song, Yuntao Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa8e0a	journal	November 2017
Lessons Learned in Risk Management on NCSX Neilson, G. H.; Gruber, C. O.; Harris, J. H. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 38, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2009.2037889	journal	March 2010
Design of the national compact stellarator experiment (NCSX) Nelson, B. E.; Berry, L. A.; Brooks, A. B. Fusion Engineering and Design, Vol. 66-68 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(03)00183-2	journal	September 2003
First measurements of error fields on W7-X using flux surface mapping Lazerson, Samuel A.; Otte, Matthias; Bozhenkov, Sergey Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 56, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/56/10/106005	journal	August 2016
Stellarator coil optimization towards higher engineering tolerances Lobsien, Jim-Felix; Drevlak, Michael; Sunn Pedersen, Thomas Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aad431	journal	August 2018
Single-stage gradient-based stellarator coil design: Optimization for near-axis quasi-symmetry Giuliani, Andrew; Wechsung, Florian; Cerfon, Antoine Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 459 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111147	journal	June 2022
Engineering optimization of stellarator coils lead to improvements in device maintenance Brown, T.; Breslau, J.; Gates, D. 2015 IEEE 26th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE) https://doi.org/10.1109/SOFE.2015.7482426	conference	May 2015
Design of quasi-axisymmetric stellarators with variable-thickness perpendicular permanent magnets based on a two-step magnet design strategy Lu, Z. Y.; Xu, G. S.; Chen, D. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac1710	journal	September 2021
Technical challenges in the construction of the steady-state stellarator Wendelstein 7-X Bosch, H. -S.; Wolf, R. C.; Andreeva, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/12/126001	journal	November 2013
Design of quasi-axisymmetric stellarators with varying-thickness permanent magnets based on Fourier and surface magnetic charges method Xu, G. S.; Lu, Z. Y.; Chen, D. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abcdb6	journal	January 2021
Stellarator coil design using cubic splines for improved access on the outboard side Lonigro, Nicola; Zhu, Caoxiang Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac2ff3	journal	April 2022
Recent advances in stellarator optimization Gates, D. A.; Boozer, A. H.; Brown, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa8ba0	journal	October 2017
Innovations in compact stellarator coil design Pomphrey, N.; Berry, L.; Boozer, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 41, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/41/3/312	journal	March 2001
Geometric concepts for stellarator permanent magnet arrays Hammond, K. C.; Zhu, C.; Brown, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aba8dc	journal	September 2020
Evaluation of 1/ν neoclassical transport in stellarators Nemov, V. V.; Kasilov, S. V.; Kernbichler, W. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.873749	journal	December 1999
Three-dimensional free boundary calculations using a spectral Green's function method Hirshman, S. P.; van RIJ, W. I.; Merkel, P. Computer Physics Communications, Vol. 43, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(86)90058-5	journal	December 1986
PM4Stell: A prototype permanent magnet stellarator structure Zhu, Caoxiang; Hammond, Kenneth; Rutkowski, Adam Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0102754	journal	November 2022
Steepest-descent moment method for three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equilibria Hirshman, S. P. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 26, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.864116	journal	January 1983
Constrained stellarator coil curvature optimization with FOCUS Kruger, Thomas G.; Zhu, C.; Bader, A. Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 87, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377821000106	journal	March 2021
Calculation of permanent magnet arrangements for stellarators: a linear least-squares method Landreman, Matt; Zhu, Caoxiang Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/abd13d	journal	January 2021
Solution of stellarator boundary value problems with external currents Merkel, P. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 27, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/27/5/018	journal	May 1987
Stellarators with Permanent Magnets Helander, P.; Drevlak, M.; Zarnstorff, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.124.095001	journal	March 2020
Designing stellarators using perpendicular permanent magnets Zhu, Caoxiang; Zarnstorff, Michael; Gates, David Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab9006	journal	June 2020
An adjoint method for gradient-based optimization of stellarator coil shapes Paul, E. J.; Landreman, M.; Bader, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aac1c7	journal	May 2018
The Superconducting Magnet System of the Stellarator Wendelstein 7-X Rummel, Thomas; Ribe, Konrad; Ehrke, Gunnar IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 40, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/tps.2012.2184774	journal	March 2012
Simpler optimized stellarators using permanent magnets Qian, T.; Zarnstorff, M.; Bishop, D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac6c99	journal	May 2022
Development of advanced stellarator with identical permanent magnet blocks Lu, Zhiyuan; Xu, Guosheng; Chen, Dehong Cell Reports Physical Science, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100709	journal	January 2022
An improved current potential method for fast computation of stellarator coil shapes Landreman, Matt Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa57d4	journal	February 2017
Physics of the compact advanced stellarator NCSX Zarnstorff, M. C.; Berry, L. A.; Brooks, A. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 43, Issue 12A https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/43/12a/318	journal	November 2001
Topology optimization of permanent magnets for stellarators Zhu, Caoxiang; Hammond, Kenneth; Brown, Thomas Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aba453	journal	August 2020

Cited By (2)

Design of an arrangement of cubic magnets for a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator experiment Hammond, Kenneth; Zhu, Caoxiang; Korrigan, Keith Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States) https://doi.org/10.11578/1888258	dataset	January 2022
Greedy permanent magnet optimization Kaptanoglu, Alan A.; Conlin, Rory; Landreman, Matt arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2208.10620	text	January 2022

Similar Records

Design of an arrangement of cubic magnets for a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator experiment

Dataset · Tue Sep 06 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · OSTI ID:1899097

Hammond, Kenneth; Zhu, Caoxiang; Korrigan, Keith; +5 more

A novel scheme for error field correction in permanent magnet stellarators

Journal Article · Tue Jan 17 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:1899097

Rutkowski, A.; Hammond, K.; Zhu, C.; +2 more

Improved stellarator permanent magnet designs through combined discrete and continuous optimizations

Journal Article · Fri Feb 09 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Computer Physics Communications · OSTI ID:1899097

Hammond, K. C.; Kaptanoglu, A. A.

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
stellarator
permanent magnet
discrete optimization
quasisymmetry

Title: Design of an arrangement of cubic magnets for a quasi-axisymmetric stellarator experiment

Citation Formats

References (30)

Cited By (2)

Similar Records

Related Subjects