Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field

Beattie, James R.; Krumholz, Mark R.; Skalidis, Raphael; Federrath, Christoph; Seta, Amit; Crocker, Roland M.; Mocz, Philip; Kriel, Neco

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac2099

Title: Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field

Journal Article · Thu Jul 28 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac2099· OSTI ID:1891223

^[1]; Krumholz, Mark R. ^[2];

^[3];

^[2];

^[1];

^[4];

^[1]

Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia); Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in All Sky Astrophysics (ASTRO3D), Canberra, ACT (Australia)
Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, Heraklion (Greece); Univ. of Crete, Heraklion (Greece)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Energy equipartition is a powerful theoretical tool for understanding astrophysical plasmas. It is invoked, for example, to measure magnetic fields in the interstellar medium (ISM), as evidence for small-scale turbulent dynamo action, and, in general, to estimate the energy budget of star-forming molecular clouds. Here, in this study, we motivate and explore the role of the volume-averaged root-mean-squared (rms) magnetic coupling term between the turbulent, δB , and large-scale, B₀, fields, $$\langle$$(δB·B₀)²$$\rangle$$$$_{V}^{1/2}$$. By considering the second moments of the energy balance equations we show that the rms coupling term is in energy equipartition with the volume-averaged turbulent kinetic energy for turbulence with a sub-Alfvénic large-scale field. Under the assumption of exact energy equipartition between these terms, we derive relations for the magnetic and coupling term fluctuations, which provide excellent, parameter-free agreement with time-averaged data from 280 numerical simulations of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. Furthermore, we explore the relation between the turbulent mean field and total Alfvén Mach numbers, and demonstrate that sub-Alfvénic turbulence can only be developed through a strong, large-scale magnetic field, which supports an extremely super-Alfvénic turbulent magnetic field. This means that the magnetic field fluctuations are significantly subdominant to the velocity fluctuations in the sub-Alfvénic large-scale field regime. Throughout our study, we broadly discuss the implications for observations of magnetic fields and understanding the dynamics in the magnetized ISM.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); European Research Council (ERC); Australian Research Council

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; 771282; FT180100495; DP190101258

OSTI ID:: 1891223

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-832066; 1048412; TRN: US2310105

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 515, Issue 4; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Royal Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (113)

FLASH: An Adaptive Mesh Hydrodynamics Code for Modeling Astrophysical Thermonuclear Flashes Fryxell, B.; Olson, K.; Ricker, P. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 131, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/317361	journal	November 2000
Saturation mechanism of the fluctuation dynamo at $\Pr_{M} \geq 1$ Seta, Amit; Bushby, Paul J.; Shukurov, Anvar Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.043702	journal	April 2020
The neutral atomic phases of the interstellar medium Wolfire, M. G.; Hollenbach, D.; McKee, C. F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 443 https://doi.org/10.1086/175510	journal	April 1995
Mapping the magnetic field in the Taurus/B211 filamentary cloud with SOFIA HAWC + and comparing with simulation Li, Pak Shing; Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique; Ajeddig, Hamza Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 510, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3448	journal	November 2021
Search for magnetic monopoles produced via the Schwinger mechanism Acharya, B.; Alexandre, J.; Benes, P. Nature, Vol. 602, Issue 7895 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04298-1	journal	February 2022
First extragalactic measurement of the turbulence driving parameter: ALMA observations of the star-forming region N159E in the Large Magellanic Cloud Sharda, Piyush; Menon, Shyam H.; Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3048	journal	October 2021
A general theory of turbulent fragmentation Hopkins, Philip F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 430, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts704	journal	February 2013
The relative orientation between the magnetic field and gas density structures in non-gravitating turbulent media Körtgen, Bastian; Soler, Juan D. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 499, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3078	journal	October 2020
Turbulent Dynamo in a Conducting Fluid and a Partially Ionized gas Xu, Siyao; Lazarian, A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/215	journal	December 2016
A model of nonlinear evolution and saturation of the turbulent MHD dynamo Schekochihin, A. A.; Cowley, S. C.; Hammett, G. W. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/4/1/384	journal	January 2002
On the Dynamical Theory of Incompressible Viscous Fluids and the Determination of the Criterion Reynolds, O. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 186, Issue 0 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1895.0004	journal	January 1895
The impact of stellar feedback on the density and velocity structure of the interstellar medium Grisdale, Kearn; Agertz, Oscar; Romeo, Alessandro B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 466, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3133	journal	December 2016
Toward a theory of interstellar turbulence. 2: Strong alfvenic turbulence Goldreich, P.; Sridhar, S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 438 https://doi.org/10.1086/175121	journal	January 1995
Inefficient star formation through turbulence, magnetic fields and feedback Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 450, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stv941	journal	May 2015
Cosmic ray transport in starburst galaxies Krumholz, Mark R.; Crocker, Roland M.; Xu, Siyao Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 493, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa493	journal	February 2020
Magnetic fields in the formation of the first stars – I. Theory versus simulation McKee, Christopher F.; Stacy, Athena; Li, Pak Shing Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 496, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1903	journal	July 2020
The Strength of Interstellar Magnetic Fields Davis, Leverett Physical Review, Vol. 81, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.81.890.2	journal	March 1951
The Origin of Magnetic Fields Parker, E. N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 160 https://doi.org/10.1086/150442	journal	April 1970
The relation between the turbulent Mach number and observed fractal dimensions of turbulent clouds Beattie, James R.; Federrath, Christoph; Klessen, Ralf S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1853	journal	July 2019
The Density Probability Distribution in Compressible Isothermal Turbulence: Solenoidal versus Compressive Forcing Federrath, Christoph; Klessen, Ralf S.; Schmidt, Wolfram The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 688, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/595280	journal	October 2008
Mach Number Dependence of Turbulent Magnetic Field Amplification: Solenoidal versus Compressive Flows Federrath, C.; Chabrier, G.; Schober, J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.114504	journal	September 2011
Metallicity fluctuation statistics in the interstellar medium and young stars – I. Variance and correlation Krumholz, Mark R.; Ting, Yuan-Sen Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx3286	journal	December 2017
Analytical Theory for the Initial mass Function. ii. Properties of the flow Hennebelle, Patrick; Chabrier, Gilles The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 702, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/1428	journal	August 2009
Electron density power spectrum in the local interstellar medium Armstrong, J. W.; Rickett, B. J.; Spangler, S. R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 443 https://doi.org/10.1086/175515	journal	April 1995
Testing the turbulent origin of the stellar initial mass function Nam, Donghee G.; Federrath, Christoph; Krumholz, Mark R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 503, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab505	journal	February 2021
Distribution of Velocity Gradient Orientations: Mapping Magnetization with the Velocity Gradient Technique Lazarian, A.; Yuen, Ka Ho; Ho, Ka Wai The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad7ff	journal	September 2018
Magnetic field amplification by small-scale dynamo action: Dependence on turbulence models and Reynolds and Prandtl numbers Schober, Jennifer; Schleicher, Dominik; Federrath, Christoph Physical Review E, Vol. 85, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.85.026303	journal	February 2012
The RWST, a comprehensive statistical description of the non-Gaussian structures in the ISM Allys, E.; Levrier, F.; Zhang, S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 629 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834975	journal	September 2019
The Star Formation Rate in the Gravoturbulent Interstellar Medium Burkhart, Blakesley The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aad002	journal	August 2018
The Initial Conditions for Planet Formation: Turbulence Driven by Hydrodynamical Instabilities in Disks around Young Stars Lyra, Wladimir; Umurhan, Orkan M. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 1001 https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/aaf5ff	journal	June 2019
High-Resolution Simulations of Nonhelical MHD Turbulence Haugen, N. E. L.; Brandenburg, A.; Dobler, W. Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 292, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ASTR.0000045000.08395.a3	journal	January 2004
scikit-image: image processing in Python van der Walt, Stéfan; Schönberger, Johannes L.; Nunez-Iglesias, Juan PeerJ, Vol. 2 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.453	journal	January 2014
The Generation of Strong Magnetic Fields During the Formation of the First Stars Sur, Sharanya; Schleicher, D. R. G.; Banerjee, Robi The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 721, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/721/2/L134	journal	September 2010
On the effective turbulence driving mode of molecular clouds formed in disc galaxies Jin, Keitaro; Salim, Diane M.; Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 469, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx737	journal	March 2017
Random Walk of Magnetic Lines of Force in Astrophysics Jokipii, J. R.; Parker, E. N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.21.44	journal	July 1968
Toward a theory of interstellar turbulence. 1: Weak Alfvenic turbulence Sridhar, S.; Goldreich, P. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 432 https://doi.org/10.1086/174600	journal	September 1994
A new Jeans Resolution Criterion for (M)Hd Simulations of Self-Gravitating gas: Application to Magnetic Field Amplification by Gravity-Driven Turbulence Federrath, Christoph; Sur, Sharanya; Schleicher, Dominik R. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 731, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/731/1/62	journal	March 2011
Simulations of the Small‐Scale Turbulent Dynamo Schekochihin, Alexander A.; Cowley, Steven C.; Taylor, Samuel F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 612, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/422547	journal	September 2004
From filamentary clouds to prestellar cores to the stellar IMF: Initial highlights from the Herschel Gould Belt Survey André, Ph.; Men'shchikov, A.; Bontemps, S. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 518 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014666	journal	July 2010
The stellar initial mass function, core mass function and the last-crossing distribution Hopkins, Philip F. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 423, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20731.x	journal	May 2012
Magnetic field strength distribution in interplanetary turbulence Hartlep, T.; Matthaeus, W. H.; Padhye, N. S. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 105, Issue A3 https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JA000223	journal	March 2000
Turbulent driving scales in molecular clouds Brunt, C. M.; Heyer, M. H.; Mac Low, M. -M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 504, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200911797	journal	July 2009
A robust numerical scheme for highly compressible magnetohydrodynamics: Nonlinear stability, implementation and tests Waagan, K.; Federrath, C.; Klingenberg, C. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 230, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2011.01.026	journal	May 2011
The structure and statistics of interstellar turbulence Kritsuk, A. G.; Ustyugov, S. D.; Norman, M. L. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa7156	journal	June 2017
On the universality of supersonic turbulence Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1644	journal	September 2013
A method for reconstructing the variance of a 3D physical field from 2D observations: application to turbulence in the interstellar medium Brunt, C. M.; Federrath, C.; Price, D. J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 403, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16215.x	journal	April 2010
The star Formation rate of Turbulent Magnetized Clouds: Comparing Theory, Simulations, and Observations Federrath, Christoph; Klessen, Ralf S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 761, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/156	journal	December 2012
A multishock model for the density variance of anisotropic, highly magnetized, supersonic turbulence Beattie, James R.; Mocz, Philip; Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 504, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1037	journal	April 2021
Low-Mach-number turbulence in interstellar gas revealed by radio polarization gradients Gaensler, B. M.; Haverkorn, M.; Burkhart, B. Nature, Vol. 478, Issue 7368 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10446	journal	October 2011
The Effect of Supernovae on the Turbulence and Dispersal of Molecular Clouds Lu, Zu-Jia; Pelkonen, Veli-Matti; Padoan, Paolo The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 904, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abbd8f	journal	November 2020
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment Hunter, John D. Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55	journal	January 2007
Filaments and striations: anisotropies in observed, supersonic, highly magnetized turbulent clouds Beattie, James R.; Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3377	journal	December 2019
The relative orientation between the magnetic field and gradients of surface brightness within thin velocity slices of 12CO and 13CO emission from the Taurus molecular cloud Heyer, M.; Soler, J. D.; Burkhart, B. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 496, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1760	journal	June 2020
Turbulence and star formation efficiency in molecular clouds: solenoidal versus compressive motions in Orion B Orkisz, Jan H.; Pety, Jérôme; Gerin, Maryvonne Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 599 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629220	journal	March 2017
Supernova Driving. i. the Origin of Molecular Cloud Turbulence Padoan, Paolo; Pan, Liubin; Haugbølle, Troels The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 822, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/822/1/11	journal	April 2016
From Primordial Seed Magnetic Fields to the Galactic Dynamo Subramanian, Kandaswamy Galaxies, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7020047	journal	April 2019
Seed magnetic fields in turbulent small-scale dynamos Seta, Amit; Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 499, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2978	journal	September 2020
Efficient Highly Subsonic Turbulent Dynamo and Growth of Primordial Magnetic Fields Achikanath Chirakkara, Radhika; Federrath, Christoph; Trivedi, Pranjal Physical Review Letters, Vol. 126, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.091103	journal	March 2021
The Turbulent Dynamo in Highly Compressible Supersonic Plasmas Federrath, Christoph; Schober, Jennifer; Bovino, Stefano The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 797, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/L19	journal	December 2014
Algorithmic comparisons of decaying, isothermal, supersonic turbulence Kitsionas, S.; Federrath, C.; Klessen, R. S. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 508, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200811170	journal	October 2009
A method for reconstructing the PDF of a 3D turbulent density field from 2D observations: PDF of a 3D density field from 2D observation Brunt, Christopher M.; Federrath, Christoph; Price, Daniel J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 405, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00858.x	journal	April 2010
A multiwave approximate Riemann solver for ideal MHD based on relaxation II: numerical implementation with 3 and 5 waves Bouchut, François; Klingenberg, Christian; Waagan, Knut Numerische Mathematik, Vol. 115, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00211-010-0289-4	journal	March 2010
The link Between Turbulence, Magnetic Fields, Filaments, and star Formation in the Central Molecular zone Cloud G0.253+0.016 Federrath, C.; Rathborne, J. M.; Longmore, S. N. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 832, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/832/2/143	journal	November 2016
The driving of turbulence in simulations of molecular cloud formation and evolution Körtgen, Bastian; Federrath, Christoph; Banerjee, Robi Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 472, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2208	journal	August 2017
An observational method to measure the relative fractions of solenoidal and compressible modes in interstellar clouds Brunt, C. M.; Federrath, C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 442, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu888	journal	June 2014
The Solar Wind as a Turbulence Laboratory Bruno, Roberto; Carbone, Vincenzo Living Reviews in Solar Physics, Vol. 10 https://doi.org/10.12942/lrsp-2013-2	journal	January 2013
Spectrum of Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Boldyrev, Stanislav Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.115002	journal	March 2006
The Role of Magnetic Fields in Setting the Star Formation Rate and the Initial Mass Function Krumholz, Mark R.; Federrath, Christoph Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2019.00007	journal	February 2019
The Role of Magnetic Field in Molecular Cloud Formation and Evolution Hennebelle, Patrick; Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, Vol. 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2019.00005	journal	March 2019
WHAT DETERMINES THE DENSITY STRUCTURE OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS? A CASE STUDY OF ORION B WITH HERSCHEL Schneider, N.; André, Ph.; Könyves, V. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 766, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/766/2/L17	journal	March 2013
On the compressive nature of turbulence driven by ionizing feedback in the pillars of the Carina Nebula Menon, Shyam H.; Federrath, Christoph; Klaassen, Pamela Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 500, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3271	journal	October 2020
The magnetic field and dust filaments in the Polaris Flare Panopoulou, G. V.; Psaradaki, I.; Tassis, K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 462, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw1678	journal	August 2016
Dynamo theories Rincon, François Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377819000539	journal	August 2019
Thermal and Fragmentation Properties of Star‐forming Clouds in Low‐Metallicity Environments Omukai, K.; Tsuribe, T.; Schneider, R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 626, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1086/429955	journal	June 2005
Do Androids Dream of Magnetic Fields? Using Neural Networks to Interpret the Turbulent Interstellar Medium Peek, J. E. G.; Burkhart, Blakesley The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab3a9e	journal	September 2019
Kinematics of the molecular interstellar medium probed by Gaia: steep velocity dispersion–size relation, isotropic turbulence, and location-dependent energy dissipation Zhou, Ji-Xuan; Li, Guang-Xing; Chen, Bing-Qiu Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 513, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac900	journal	April 2022
Collapse, outflows and fragmentation of massive, turbulent and magnetized prestellar barotropic cores Hennebelle, P.; Commerçon, B.; Joos, M. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 528 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201016052	journal	March 2011
Magnetic field morphology in interstellar clouds with the velocity gradient technique Hu, Yue; Yuen, Ka Ho; Lazarian, Victor Nature Astronomy, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-019-0769-0	journal	June 2019
Is turbulence in the interstellar medium driven by feedback or gravity? An observational test Krumholz, Mark R.; Burkhart, Blakesley Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 458, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw434	journal	March 2016
Comparing the statistics of interstellar turbulence in simulations and observations: Solenoidal versus compressive turbulence forcing Federrath, C.; Roman-Duval, J.; Klessen, R. S. Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 512 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912437	journal	March 2010
Impact of galactic shear and stellar feedback on star formation Colling, Cédric; Hennebelle, Patrick; Geen, Sam Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 620 https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833161	journal	November 2018
Magnetic Fields in Spiral Arms. Chandrasekhar, S.; Fermi, E. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 118 https://doi.org/10.1086/145731	journal	July 1953
Weakly Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence in the Solar Wind and the Interstellar Medium Bhattacharjee, A.; Ng, C. S.; Spangler, S. R. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 494, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/305184	journal	February 1998
Cosmic ray scattering in compressible turbulence Lazarian, A.; Beresnyak, A. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 373, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11093.x	journal	November 2006
Curvature of Magnetic Field Lines in Compressible Magnetized Turbulence: Statistics, Magnetization Predictions, Gradient Curvature, Modes, and Self-gravitating Media Yuen, Ka Ho; Lazarian, Alex The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 898, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab9360	journal	July 2020
Turbulent Properties in Star-forming Molecular Clouds Down to the Sonic Scale. II. Investigating the Relation between Turbulence and Star-forming Environments in Molecular Clouds Yun, Hyeong-Sik; Lee, Jeong-Eun; Evans, Neal J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 921, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac193e	journal	October 2021
Star formation from dense shocked regions in supersonic isothermal magnetoturbulence Mocz, Philip; Burkhart, Blakesley Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 480, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1976	journal	July 2018
An Imprint of Molecular Cloud Magnetization in the Morphology of the dust Polarized Emission Soler, J. D.; Hennebelle, P.; Martin, P. G. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 774, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/128	journal	August 2013
SciPy 1.0: fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in Python Virtanen, Pauli; Gommers, Ralf; Oliphant, Travis E. Nature Methods https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2	journal	February 2020
Pregalactic metal enrichment: The chemical signatures of the first stars Karlsson, Torgny; Bromm, Volker; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 85, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.85.809	journal	May 2013
The origin, evolution and signatures of primordial magnetic fields Subramanian, Kandaswamy Reports on Progress in Physics, Vol. 79, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/076901	journal	May 2016
A General Theory of Turbulence‐regulated Star Formation, from Spirals to Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies Krumholz, Mark R.; McKee, Christopher F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 630, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1086/431734	journal	September 2005
Equiparatition of energy for turbulent astrophysical fluids: Accounting for the unseen energy in molecular clouds Zweibel, Ellen G.; McKee, Christopher F. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 439 https://doi.org/10.1086/175216	journal	February 1995
Fundamental scales in the kinematic phase of the turbulent dynamo Kriel, Neco; Beattie, James R.; Seta, Amit Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 513, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac969	journal	April 2022
Testing physical models for cosmic ray transport coefficients on galactic scales: self-confinement and extrinsic turbulence at ∼GeV energies Hopkins, Philip F.; Squire, Jonathan; Chan, T. K. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 501, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3691	journal	November 2020
Magnetic field amplification in turbulent astrophysical plasmas Federrath, Christoph Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022377816001069	journal	November 2016
Inertial-Range Spectrum of Hydromagnetic Turbulence Kraichnan, Robert H. Physics of Fluids, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1761412	journal	January 1965
Turbulence in the interstellar medium Falceta-Gonçalves, D.; Kowal, G.; Falgarone, E. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-587-2014	journal	January 2014
The link between magnetic fields and filamentary clouds: bimodal cloud orientations in the Gould Belt Li, Hua-bai; Fang, Min; Henning, Thomas Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 436, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt1849	journal	November 2013
Classification of Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations Using Wavelet Scattering Transforms Saydjari, Andrew K.; Portillo, Stephen K. N.; Slepian, Zachary The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 910, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abe46d	journal	April 2021
Saturation mechanism of the fluctuation dynamo in supersonic turbulent plasmas Seta, Amit; Federrath, Christoph Physical Review Fluids, Vol. 6, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.6.103701	journal	October 2021
Array programming with NumPy Harris, Charles R.; Millman, K. Jarrod; van der Walt, Stéfan J. Nature, Vol. 585, Issue 7825 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2	journal	September 2020
Turbulence: the filtering approach Germano, M. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 238 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022112092001733	journal	May 1992
Diagnosing Turbulence in the Neutral and Molecular Interstellar Medium of Galaxies Burkhart, Blakesley Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 133, Issue 1028 https://doi.org/10.1088/1538-3873/ac25cf	journal	October 2021
Cython: The Best of Both Worlds Behnel, Stefan; Bradshaw, Robert; Citro, Craig Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2010.118	journal	March 2011
How Galactic Environment Affects the Dynamical State of Molecular Clouds and Their Star Formation Efficiency Schruba, Andreas; Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik; Leroy, Adam K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab3a43	journal	September 2019
Saturation of the turbulent dynamo Schober, J.; Schleicher, D. R. G.; Federrath, C. Physical Review E, Vol. 92, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.92.023010	journal	August 2015
The JCMT BISTRO Survey: The Distribution of Magnetic Field Strengths toward the OMC-1 Region Hwang, Jihye; Kim, Jongsoo; Pattle, Kate The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 913, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf3c4	journal	May 2021
The star Formation rate of Supersonic Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Padoan, Paolo; Nordlund, Åke The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 730, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/730/1/40	journal	March 2011
Magnetic field fluctuations in anisotropic, supersonic turbulence Beattie, James R.; Federrath, Christoph; Seta, Amit Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 498, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2257	journal	August 2020
Magnetic Fields in Star Formation: A Complete Compilation of All the DCF Estimations Liu, Junhao; Qiu, Keping; Zhang, Qizhou The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 925, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3911	journal	January 2022
Magnetic fields in the Milky Way from pulsar observations: effect of the correlation between thermal electrons and magnetic fields Seta, Amit; Federrath, Christoph Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 502, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab128	journal	January 2021
The sonic scale of interstellar turbulence Federrath, Christoph; Klessen, Ralf S.; Iapichino, Luigi Nature Astronomy, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-020-01282-z	journal	January 2021

Similar Records

Kinetic Simulations of the Interruption of Large-Amplitude Shear-Alfvén Waves in a High-

β

Plasma

Journal Article · Thu Oct 12 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:1891223

Squire, J.; Kunz, M. W.; Quataert, E.; +1 more

DAMPING OF ALFVÉN WAVES BY TURBULENCE AND ITS CONSEQUENCES: FROM COSMIC-RAY STREAMING TO LAUNCHING WINDS

Journal Article · Tue Dec 20 00:00:00 EST 2016 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1891223

Lazarian, A.

Coherent Structures at Ion Scales in Fast Solar Wind: Cluster Observations

Journal Article · Wed Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Astrophysical Journal · OSTI ID:1891223

Perrone, D.; Walsh, A.; Zouganelis, I.; +5 more

Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
astronomy
astrophysics
dynamo
MHD
turbulence
kinematics and dynamics
magnetic fields

Title: Energy balance and Alfvén Mach numbers in compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a large-scale magnetic field

Citation Formats

References (113)

Similar Records

Related Subjects