Toward Decoding the Relationship between Domain Structure and Functionality in Ferroelectrics via Hidden Latent Variables

Kalinin, Sergei V.; Kelley, Kyle; Vasudevan, Rama K.; Ziatdinov, Maxim

doi:10.1021/acsami.0c15085

Title: Toward Decoding the Relationship between Domain Structure and Functionality in Ferroelectrics via Hidden Latent Variables

Journal Article · Tue Jan 05 00:00:00 EST 2021 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c15085· OSTI ID:1870262

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Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Polarization switching mechanisms in ferroelectric materials are fundamentally linked to local domain structure and the presence of the structural defects, which both can act as nucleation and pinning centers and create local electrostatic and mechanical depolarization fields affecting wall dynamics. However, the general correlative mechanisms between domain structure and polarization dynamics are only weakly explored, precluding insight into the associated physical mechanisms. In this work, the correlation between local domain structures and switching behavior in ferroelectric materials is explored using convolutional encoder–decoder networks, enabling image to spectral (im2spec) and spectral to image (spec2im) translations via encoding of latent variables. The latter reflect the assumption that the relationship between domain structure and polarization switching is parsimonious, i.e., is based upon a small number of local mechanisms. The analysis of latent variables distributions and their real-space representations provides insight into the predictability of the local switching behavior and hence associated physical mechanisms. We further pose that the regions where these correlative relationships are violated, i.e., predictability of the polarization dynamics from domain structure is reduced, represent the obvious target for detailed studies, e.g., in the context of automated experiments. This approach provides a workflow to establish the presence of correlation between local spectral responses and local structure and can be universally applied to spectral imaging techniques such as piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM).

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1870262

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol. 13, Issue 1; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Toward Decoding the Relationship between Domain Structure and Functionality in Ferroelectrics via Hidden Latent Variables

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