Area-Scalable Zn2SnO4 Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules

Liu, Xuehui; Zhang, Yi; Chen, Min; Xiao, Chuanxiao; Brooks, Keith Gregory; Xia, Jianxing; Gao, Xiao-Xin; Kanda, Hiroyuki; Kinge, Sachin; Asiri, Abdullah M.; Luther, Joseph M.; Feng, Yaqing; Dyson, Paul J.; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja

doi:10.1021/acsami.1c24757

Title: Area-Scalable Zn₂SnO₄ Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules

Journal Article · Tue May 10 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c24757· OSTI ID:1869692

Liu, Xuehui ^[1];

^[2]; Chen, Min ^[3];

^[4]; Brooks, Keith Gregory ^[2]; Xia, Jianxing ^[2]; Gao, Xiao-Xin ^[2];

^[2]; Kinge, Sachin ^[5];

^[6];

^[3]; Feng, Yaqing ^[7];

^[2];

^[2]

Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne, Sion (Switzerland). Inst. of Chemical Sciences and Engineering; Tianjin Univ. (China)
Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne, Sion (Switzerland). Inst. of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (China). Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering; Ningbo New Material Testing and Evaluation Center (China)
Toyota Motor Corporation, Zaventum (Belgium). Toyota Motor Technical Centre
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah (Saudi Arabia). Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR)
Tianjin Univ. (China)

The development of a scalable chemical bath deposition (CBD) process facilitates the realization of electron-transporting layers (ETLs) for large-area perovskite solar modules (PSMs). In this work, a method to prepare a uniform and scalable thick Zn₂SnO₄ ETL by CBD, which yielded high-performance PSMs, is reported. This Zn₂SnO₄ ETL exhibits excellent electrical properties and enhanced optical transmittance in the visible region. Moreover, the Zn₂SnO₄ ETL influences the perovskite layer formation, yielding enhanced crystallinity, increased grain size, and a smoother surface, thus facilitating electron extraction and collection from the perovskite to the ETL. Zn₂SnO₄ thereby yields PSMs with a remarkable photovoltaic performance, low hysteresis index, and high device reproducibility. The champion PSM exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.59%, being among the highest values published so far. In addition, the CBD Zn₂SnO₄-based PSMs exhibit high stability, retaining more than 88% of initial efficiency over 1000 h under continuous illumination. This demonstrates that CBD Zn₂SnO₄ is an appropriate ETL for high-efficiency PSMs and a viable new process for their industrialization.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1869692

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5900-81416; MainId:82189; UUID:b2cd8ef9-5bd0-4d1a-9b1d-7ccdf282d791; MainAdminID:64552

Journal Information:: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, Vol. 14, Issue 20; ISSN 1944-8244

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (46)

Electron-Transport Materials in Perovskite Solar Cells Lian, Jiarong; Lu, Bing; Niu, Fangfang Small Methods, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.201800082	journal	July 2018
Compact Layer Free Perovskite Solar Cells with 13.5% Efficiency Liu, Dianyi; Yang, Jinli; Kelly, Timothy L. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 49 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja508758k	journal	November 2014
High-performance flexible perovskite solar cells exploiting Zn2SnO4 prepared in solution below 100 °C Shin, Seong Sik; Yang, Woon Seok; Noh, Jun Hong Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8410	journal	June 2015
Efficient perovskite solar cells via improved carrier management Yoo, Jason J.; Seo, Gabkyung; Chua, Matthew R. Nature, Vol. 590, Issue 7847 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03285-w	journal	February 2021
Solution-processed Zn2SnO4 electron transporting layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells Wu, Wu-Qiang; Chen, Dehong; Li, Feng Materials Today Energy, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2017.12.006	journal	March 2018
Controlled Interfacial Electron Dynamics in Highly Efficient Zn ₂ SnO ₄ -Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Shin, Seong Sik; Kim, Dong Wook; Hwang, Daesub ChemSusChem, Vol. 7, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300915	journal	December 2013
Enhanced charge carrier mobility and lifetime suppress hysteresis and improve efficiency in planar perovskite solar cells Turren-Cruz, Silver-Hamill; Saliba, Michael; Mayer, Matthew T. Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE02901B	journal	January 2018
A molecularly engineered hole-transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells Saliba, Michael; Orlandi, Simonetta; Matsui, Taisuke Nature Energy, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2015.17	journal	January 2016
High-efficiency robust perovskite solar cells on ultrathin flexible substrates Li, Yaowen; Meng, Lei; Yang, Yang Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10214	journal	January 2016
Thermally stable, planar hybrid perovskite solar cells with high efficiency Choi, Kyoungwon; Lee, Junwoo; Kim, Hong Il Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02242A	journal	January 2018
Mixed Sulfur and Iodide-Based Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells Nie, Riming; Mehta, Aarti; Park, Byung-wook Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b11332	journal	January 2018
Interface engineering of highly efficient perovskite solar cells Zhou, H.; Chen, Q.; Li, G. Science, Vol. 345, Issue 6196 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1254050	journal	July 2014
A novel quadruple-cation absorber for universal hysteresis elimination for high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells Bu, Tongle; Liu, Xueping; Zhou, Yuan Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE02634J	journal	January 2017
The effect of oxygen vacancies on water wettability of a ZnO surface Hu, Han; Ji, Hai-Feng; Sun, Ying Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cp51848e	journal	January 2013
Hexagonal mesoporous silica islands to enhance photovoltaic performance of planar junction perovskite solar cells Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Zhaofei; Yan, Wei Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TA09709J	journal	January 2017
Boosting the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells through facile molecular engineering approaches Akin, Seckin Solar Energy, Vol. 199 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.02.025	journal	March 2020
Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Based on a Zn ₂ SnO ₄ Compact Layer Dou, Jie; Shen, Deli; Li, Yafeng ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 11, Issue 40 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b09209	journal	September 2019
Colloidally prepared La-doped BaSnO ₃ electrodes for efficient, photostable perovskite solar cells Shin, Seong Sik; Yeom, Eun Joo; Yang, Woon Seok Science, Vol. 356, Issue 6334 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aam6620	journal	March 2017
Highly efficient, stable and hysteresis‒less planar perovskite solar cell based on chemical bath treated Zn2SnO4 electron transport layer Sadegh, Faranak; Akin, Seckin; Moghadam, Majid Nano Energy, Vol. 75 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105038	journal	September 2020
Influence of electrospraying parameters on the microstructure of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2F0.8O3−δ films for SOFCs Marinha, Daniel; Rossignol, Cécile; Djurado, Elisabeth Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 182, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2009.04.018	journal	July 2009
The Synergism of DMSO and Diethyl Ether for Highly Reproducible and Efficient MA _0.5 FA _0.5 PbI ₃ Perovskite Solar Cells Zhang, Yi; Chen, Min; Zhou, Yuanyuan Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 10, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202001300	journal	June 2020
Minimizing performance degradation induced by interfacial recombination in perovskite solar cells through tailoring of the transport layer electronic properties Xu, Liang; Molaei Imenabadi, Rouzbeh; Vandenberghe, William G. APL Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021138	journal	March 2018
Trash into Treasure: δ-FAPbI ₃ Polymorph Stabilized MAPbI ₃ Perovskite with Power Conversion Efficiency beyond 21% Zhang, Yi; Zhou, Zhongmin; Ji, Fuxiang Advanced Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201707143	journal	April 2018
A Strategy to Produce High Efficiency, High Stability Perovskite Solar Cells Using Functionalized Ionic Liquid-Dopants Zhang, Yi; Fei, Zhaofu; Gao, Peng Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201702157	journal	July 2017
Non-wetting surface-driven high-aspect-ratio crystalline grain growth for efficient hybrid perovskite solar cells Bi, Cheng; Wang, Qi; Shao, Yuchuan Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8747	journal	July 2015
Graphitic carbon nitride doped SnO ₂ enabling efficient perovskite solar cells with PCEs exceeding 22% Chen, Jinbo; Dong, Hua; Zhang, Lin Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/C9TA11344D	journal	January 2020
Flexible, low-temperature, solution processed ZnO-based perovskite solid state solar cells Kumar, Mulmudi Hemant; Yantara, Natalia; Dharani, Sabba Chemical Communications, Vol. 49, Issue 94 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc46534a	journal	January 2013
Low-Temperature Nb-Doped SnO ₂ Electron-Selective Contact Yields over 20% Efficiency in Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Halvani Anaraki, Elham; Kermanpur, Ahmad; Mayer, Matthew T. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b00055	journal	March 2018
Unsymmetrical and Symmetrical Zn(II) Phthalocyanines as Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells Zhang, Yi; Paek, Sanghyun; Urbani, Maxence ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.8b00425	journal	May 2018
Improving the Extraction of Photogenerated Electrons with SnO ₂ Nanocolloids for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Rao, Hua-Shang; Chen, Bai-Xue; Li, Wen-Guang Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201501264	journal	November 2015
Voltage output of efficient perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage and fill factor Ryu, Seungchan; Noh, Jun Hong; Jeon, Nam Joong Energy Environ. Sci., Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE00762J	journal	January 2014
Laser‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules Palma, Alessandro L. Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.201900432	journal	April 2020
Bi-Directional functionalization of urea-complexed SnO2 for efficient planar perovskite solar cells Gao, Bingyu; Cao, Qi; Pu, Xingyu Applied Surface Science, Vol. 546 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.148711	journal	April 2021
Tetrathienoanthracene and Tetrathienylbenzene Derivatives as Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cell Rojas, Diana Elizabeth Meza; Cho, Kyung Taek; Zhang, Yi Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800681	journal	July 2018
Do grain boundaries dominate non-radiative recombination in CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ perovskite thin films? Yang, Mengjin; Zeng, Yining; Li, Zhen Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP08770A	journal	January 2017
Integrated planar and bulk dual heterojunctions capable of efficient electron and hole extraction for perovskite solar cells with >17% efficiency Wu, Wu-Qiang; Chen, Dehong; Li, Feng Nano Energy, Vol. 32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.12.029	journal	February 2017
Perovskite Solar Cells—Towards Commercialization Ono, Luis K.; Park, Nam-Gyu; Zhu, Kai ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00517	journal	July 2017
Mapping the Photoresponse of CH ₃ NH ₃ PbI ₃ Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films at the Nanoscale Kutes, Yasemin; Zhou, Yuanyuan; Bosse, James L. Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04157	journal	May 2016
Efficient hole-blocking layer-free planar halide perovskite thin-film solar cells Ke, Weijun; Fang, Guojia; Wan, Jiawei Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7700	journal	March 2015
Well-Defined Nanostructured, Single-Crystalline TiO ₂ Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Planar Perovskite Solar Cells Choi, Jongmin; Song, Seulki; Hörantner, Maximilian T. ACS Nano, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.6b01575	journal	May 2016
Boosting the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with CsBr-Modified Mesoporous TiO ₂ Beads as Electron-Selective Contact Seo, Ji-Youn; Uchida, Ryusuke; Kim, Hui-Seon Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201705763	journal	December 2017
Semiconductor Nb-Doped SrTiO _3−δ Perovskite Electrolyte for a Ceramic Fuel Cell Shah, M. A. K. Yousaf; Rauf, Sajid; Zhu, Bin ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.0c02289	journal	January 2021
Highly efficient and stable planar perovskite solar cells by solution-processed tin oxide Anaraki, Elham Halvani; Kermanpur, Ahmad; Steier, Ludmilla Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE02390H	journal	January 2016
Microscopic Investigation of Grain Boundaries in Organolead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells Li, Jiang-Jun; Ma, Jing-Yuan; Ge, Qian-Qing ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09801	journal	December 2015
Preferential orientation of fluorine-doped SnO2 thin films: The effects of growth temperature Consonni, V.; Rey, G.; Roussel, H. Acta Materialia, Vol. 61, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2012.09.006	journal	January 2013
Electrospray deposition of SnO ₂ films from precursor solution Gürbüz, Mevlüt; Günkaya, Göktuğ; Doğan, Aydın Surface Engineering, Vol. 32, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2015.1108048	journal	December 2015

Similar Records

Inkjet-printed SnO_x as an effective electron transport layer for planar perovskite solar cells and the effect of Cu doping

Journal Article · Wed Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Royal Society Open Science · OSTI ID:1869692

Lu, Dongli; Yang, Feipeng; Dun, Chaochao; +3 more

Highly crystalline Zn₂SnO₄ nanoparticles as efficient electron-transporting layers toward stable inverted and flexible conventional perovskite solar cells

Journal Article · Wed Aug 31 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A · OSTI ID:1869692

Liu, Xiao; Chueh, Chu -Chen; Zhu, Zonglong; +3 more

High Performing Inverted Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells via Solution Phase Deposition of Yttrium-Doped SnO₂ Directly on Perovskite

Journal Article · Tue Apr 25 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · ACS Applied Energy Materials · OSTI ID:1869692

Chapagain, Sashil; Martin, Blake; Armstrong, Peter; +4 more

Related Subjects

17 SOLAR ENERGY
high efficiency and stability
improved crystallization
perovskite solar modules
thick Zn2SnO4 ETL
UV filter
deposition
grain
layers
perovskites
thin films

Title: Area-Scalable Zn2SnO4 Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules

Citation Formats

References (46)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Area-Scalable Zn₂SnO₄ Electron Transport Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Modules