Probing the Galactic halo with RR Lyrae stars – II. The substructures of the Milky Way

Wang, F.; Zhang, H-W; Xue, X-X; Huang, Y.; Liu, G-C; Zhang, L.; Yang, C-Q

doi:10.1093/mnras/stac874

Title: Probing the Galactic halo with RR Lyrae stars – II. The substructures of the Milky Way

Journal Article · Wed May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac874· OSTI ID:1866631

; Zhang, H-W; Xue, X-X; Huang, Y.; Liu, G-C; Zhang, L.; Yang, C-Q

ABSTRACT We identify substructures of the Galactic halo using 3003 type ab RR Lyrae stars with six-dimensional position–velocity information from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope and the Gaia Early Data Release 3. Based on this information, we define the separation of any two of the stars in the integrals of motion space and we identify substructures by utilizing the friends-of-friends algorithm. We identify members belonging to several known substructures: the Sagittarius stream, the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage (GES), the Sequoia and the Helmi streams. In addition to these known substructures, there are three other substructures possibly associated with globular clusters NGC 5272, 6656 and 5024, respectively. Finally, we also find three remaining unknown substructures, one of which has large angular momentum and a mean metallicity −2.13 dex, which may be a new substructure. As for the GES, we find that it accounts for a large part of substructures in the inner halo and the apocentre distance is in the range 10–34 kpc, which suggests that the GES is mainly distributed in the inner halo. The near one-third proportion of the GES and the peak value of 20 kpc of the apocentre distance suggest that the GES could account for the break in the density profile of the Galactic halo at the Galactocentric distance ~20–25 kpc. The similarity when comparing the kinematic properties of the GES with the Hercules–Aquila Cloud and Virgo Overdensity suggests that the three substructures may have similar origins.

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Research Organization:: US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington, DC (United States). Office of Science, Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Key Research and Development Program of China; National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Yunnan University

Grant/Contract Number:: 2019YFA0405500; 11973001; 12090040; 12090044; 11988101; 11873052; 11890694; 11903027; 11833006; 11811530289; U1731108; C176220100006

OSTI ID:: 1866631

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1982707

Journal Information:: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Vol. 513 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 0035-8711

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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