Structural and mechanistic basis for redox sensing by the cyanobacterial transcription regulator RexT

Li, Bin; Jo, Minshik; Liu, Jianxin; Tian, Jiayi; Canfield, Robert; Bridwell-Rabb, Jennifer

doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03226-x

Title: Structural and mechanistic basis for redox sensing by the cyanobacterial transcription regulator RexT

Journal Article · Mon Mar 28 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Communications Biology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03226-x· OSTI ID:1857369

Li, Bin; Jo, Minshik;

; Tian, Jiayi; Canfield, Robert;

Abstract Organisms have a myriad of strategies for sensing, responding to, and combating reactive oxygen species, which are unavoidable consequences of aerobic life. In the heterocystous cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. PCC 7120, one such strategy is the use of an ArsR-SmtB transcriptional regulator RexT that senses H ₂ O ₂ and upregulates expression of thioredoxin to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Different from many other members of the ArsR-SmtB family which bind metal ions, RexT has been proposed to use disulfide bond formation as a trigger to bind and release DNA. Here, we present high-resolution crystal structures of RexT in the reduced and H ₂ O ₂ -treated states. These structures reveal that RexT showcases the ArsR-SmtB winged-helix-turn-helix fold and forms a vicinal disulfide bond to orchestrate a response to H ₂ O ₂ . The importance of the disulfide-forming Cys residues was corroborated using site-directed mutagenesis, mass spectrometry, and H ₂ O ₂ -consumption assays. Furthermore, an entrance channel for H ₂ O ₂ was identified and key residues implicated in H ₂ O ₂ activation were pinpointed. Finally, bioinformatics analysis of the ArsR-SmtB family indicates that the vicinal disulfide “redox switch” is a unique feature of cyanobacteria in the Nostocales order, presenting an interesting case where an ArsR-SmtB protein scaffold has been evolved to showcase peroxidatic activity and facilitate redox-based regulation.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021240; AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1857369

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1868319

Journal Information:: Communications Biology, Journal Name: Communications Biology Vol. 5 Journal Issue: 1; ISSN 2399-3642

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
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thioredoxin
photosynthesis
redox potential
regulator
transcription factor
X-ray crystallography
protein design
protein function predictions

Title: Structural and mechanistic basis for redox sensing by the cyanobacterial transcription regulator RexT

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