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Title: Disentangling Sources of Gene Tree Discordance in Phylogenomic Data Sets: Testing Ancient Hybridizations in Amaranthaceae s.l

Journal Article · · Systematic Biology
 [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN (United States)
  2. Johannes Gutenberg Univ., Mainz (Germany)
  3. Oberlin College, OH (United States)
  4. Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
  5. Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom)
  6. Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)

Gene tree discordance in large genomic data sets can be caused by evolutionary processes such as incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization, as well as model violation, and errors in data processing, orthology inference, and gene tree estimation. Species tree methods that identify and accommodate all sources of conflict are not available, but a combination of multiple approaches can help tease apart alternative sources of conflict. Here, using a phylotranscriptomic analysis in combination with reference genomes, we test a hypothesis of ancient hybridization events within the plant family Amaranthaceae s.l. that was previously supported by morphological, ecological, and Sanger-based molecular data. The data set included seven genomes and 88 transcriptomes, 17 generated for this study. We examined gene-tree discordance using coalescent-based species trees and network inference, gene tree discordance analyses, site pattern tests of introgression, topology tests, synteny analyses, and simulations. We found that a combination of processes might have generated the high levels of gene tree discordance in the backbone of Amaranthaceae s.l. Furthermore, we found evidence that three consecutive short internal branches produce anomalous trees contributing to the discordance. Overall, our results suggest that Amaranthaceae s.l. might be a product of an ancient and rapid lineage diversification, and remains, and probably will remain, unresolved. This work highlights the potential problems of identifiability associated with the sources of gene tree discordance including, in particular, phylogenetic network methods. Our results also demonstrate the importance of thoroughly testing for multiple sources of conflict in phylogenomic analyses, especially in the context of ancient, rapid radiations. We provide several recommendations for exploring conflicting signals in such situations.

Research Organization:
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); University of Minnesota; University of Michigan; National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
SC0008834; DEB 1354048
OSTI ID:
1851159
Journal Information:
Systematic Biology, Vol. 70, Issue 2; ISSN 1063-5157
Publisher:
Society of Systematic Biologists - Oxford University PressCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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