skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Quarkonium semiclassical transport in quark-gluon plasma: factorization and quantum correction

Journal Article · · Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]
  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for Theoretical Physics
  2. Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States). Dept. of Physics

We study quarkonium transport in the quark-gluon plasma by using the potential nonrelativistic QCD (pNRQCD) effective field theory and the framework of open quantum systems. We argue that the coupling between quarkonium and the thermal bath is weak using separation of scales, so the initial density matrix of the total system factorizes and the time evolution of the subsystem is Markovian. We derive the semiclassical Boltzmann equation for quarkonium by applying a Wigner transform to the Lindblad equation and carrying out a semiclassical expansion. We resum relevant interactions to all orders in the coupling constant at leading power of the nonrelativistic and multipole expansions. The derivation is valid for both weakly coupled and strongly coupled quark-gluon plasmas. We find reaction rates in the transport equation factorize into a quarkonium dipole transition function and a chromoelectric gluon distribution function. For the differential reaction rate, the definition of the momentum dependent chromoelectric gluon distribution function involves staple-shaped Wilson lines. For the inclusive reaction rate, the Wilson lines collapse into a straight line along the real time axis and the distribution becomes momentum independent. The relation between the two Wilson lines is analogous to the relation between the Wilson lines appearing in the gluon parton distribution function (PDF) and the gluon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution function (TMDPDF). The centrality dependence of the quarkonium nuclear modification factor measured by experiments probes the momentum independent distribution while the transverse momentum dependence and measurements of the azimuthal angular anisotropy may be able to probe the momentum dependent one. We discuss one way to indirectly constrain the quarkonium in-medium real potential by using the factorization formula and lattice calculations. The leading quantum correction to the semiclassical transport equation of quarkonium is also worked out. The study can be easily generalized to quarkonium transport in cold nuclear matter, which is relevant for quarkonium production in eA collisions in the future Electron-Ion Collider.

Research Organization:
Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Grant/Contract Number:
FG02-05ER41368; SC0011090
OSTI ID:
1849607
Journal Information:
Journal of High Energy Physics (Online), Vol. 2021, Issue 2; ISSN 1029-8479
Publisher:
Springer NatureCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (85)

Enhanced J / ψ production in deconfined quark matter journal April 2001
Heavy quark master equations in the Lindblad form at high temperatures journal March 2015
Heavy quark bound states in a quark–gluon plasma: Dissociation and recombination journal February 2016
Quantum and classical dynamics of heavy quarks in a quark-gluon plasma journal June 2018
Thermal width and gluo-dissociation of quarkonium in pNRQCD journal December 2011
Effective-field theories for heavy quarkonium journal December 2005
Real-time static potential in hot QCD journal March 2007
Bottomonia suppression in 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions journal December 2015
An effective field theory for collinear and soft gluons: Heavy to light decays journal May 2001
Dynamical dissociation of quarkonia by wave function decoherence journal January 2018
Bottomonium suppression and elliptic flow from real-time quantum evolution journal December 2020
Thermal broadening of bottomonia: Lattice nonrelativistic QCD with extended operators journal October 2019
Top jets in the peak region: Factorization analysis with next-to-leading-log resummation journal June 2008
Quarkonium above deconfinement as an open quantum system journal June 2013
Collisional and thermal dissociation of J / ψ and ϒ states at the LHC journal March 2018
Constraint equations for heavy-to-light currents in soft-collinear effective theory journal December 2005
Real and imaginary-time correlators in a thermal medium journal June 2008
Heavy quarkonia in a medium as a quantum dissipative system: master-equation approach journal May 2012
Imaginary part of the static gluon propagator in an anisotropic (viscous) QCD plasma journal June 2009
Is bottomonium suppression in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies due to the same effects? journal October 2018
Fate of in-medium heavy quarks via a Lindblad equation journal August 2017
Quarkonium spectral functions with complex potential journal April 2011
Complex Heavy-Quark Potential at Finite Temperature from Lattice QCD journal April 2012
J/ψ suppression by quark-gluon plasma formation journal October 1986
Static quark-antiquark pairs at finite temperature journal July 2008
Final state interactions and gauge invariant parton distributions journal April 2003
An effective field theory for forward scattering and factorization violation journal August 2016
Bottomonium production at s NN = 200 GeV and s NN = 5.5 TeV journal June 2006
Charmonium and open charm production in nuclear collisions at SPS/FAIR energies and the possible influence of a hot hadronic medium journal January 2008
Bottomium suppression in PbPb collisions at LHC energies journal July 2014
Quantum Brownian motion of a heavy quark pair in the quark-gluon plasma journal February 2020
Thermal width and quarkonium dissociation by inelastic parton scattering journal May 2013
Probing transverse-momentum dependent evolution with groomed jets journal July 2018
Quantum dissipation of a heavy quark from a nonlinear stochastic Schrödinger equation journal July 2018
Coupled Boltzmann transport equations of heavy quarks and quarkonia in quark-gluon plasma journal January 2021
Collinear drop journal June 2020
Jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions journal November 2015
Probing transverse-momentum distributions with groomed jets journal August 2019
Heavy quark diffusion in QCD and 𝒩 = 4 SYM at next-to-leading order journal February 2008
Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal October 2013
Stochastic potential and quantum decoherence of heavy quarkonium in the quark-gluon plasma journal May 2012
The zero-bin and mode factorization in quantum field theory journal October 2007
Factorization Of Hard Processes In QCD book July 1989
Factorization for groomed jet substructure beyond the next-to-leading logarithm journal July 2016
An effective field theory approach to quarkonium at small transverse momentum journal April 2020
Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes of Upsilons journal December 2020
The renormalization group improvement of the QCD static potentials journal December 2000
Heavy quark diffusion in strongly coupled N = 4 Yang-Mills theory journal October 2006
Excited bottomonia in quark-gluon plasma from lattice QCD journal January 2020
Potential NRQCD: an effective theory for heavy quarkonium journal January 2000
<mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi></mml:math> transverse momentum distribution in high energy nuclear collisions journal July 2009
Quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions: An open quantum system approach journal August 2017
Rigorous QCD analysis of inclusive annihilation and production of heavy quarkonium journal February 1995
Strong diffusion effect of charm quarks on J / ψ production in Pb–Pb collisions at the LHC journal January 2018
Quarkonium production in heavy ion collisions: coupled Boltzmann transport equations journal February 2019
Evidence for charmonium generation at the phase boundary in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions journal September 2007
The heavy-quark potential in an anisotropic plasma journal April 2008
The Schrödinger–Langevin equation with and without thermal fluctuations journal May 2016
Bottomonium continuous production from unequilibrium bottom quarks in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions journal September 2017
In-Medium Effects on Charmonium Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions journal May 2004
An effective theory of quarkonia in QCD matter journal October 2019
Soft-collinear factorization in effective field theory journal February 2002
J / ψ Production in Quark-Gluon Plasma journal December 2006
Charmonium production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal September 2011
Bottomonia suppression in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal January 2012
High transverse momentum quarkonium production and dissociation in heavy ion collisions journal April 2013
Color screening and regeneration of bottomonia in high-energy heavy-ion collisions journal November 2017
Quarkonium in-medium transport equation derived from first principles journal May 2019
Hard scattering factorization from effective field theory journal July 2002
Soft-collinear mode for jet cross sections in soft collinear effective theory journal January 2016
Transport coefficients from in-medium quarkonium dynamics journal September 2019
Heavy quarkonium suppression in a fireball journal April 2018
Approach to equilibrium of a quarkonium in a quark-gluon plasma journal October 2018
Doubly charmed baryon production in heavy ion collisions journal April 2018
Quarkonium inside the quark-gluon plasma: Diffusion, dissociation, recombination, and energy loss journal July 2019
Doubly heavy baryons, heavy quark-diquark symmetry, and nonrelativistic QCD journal February 2006
Quarkonium evolution and suppression in a strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma conference February 2017
The heavy-quark potential in an anisotropic plasma text January 2007
Heavy quarkonium spectrum and width in a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma preprint January 2011
Bottomonium Continuous Production from Unequilibrium Bottom Quarks in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions text January 2017
Relations between Heavy-light Meson and Quark Masses text January 2017
Excited bottomonia in quark-gluon plasma from lattice QCD text January 2019
An Effective Theory of Quarkonia in QCD Matter preprint January 2019
Quarkonium production and suppression: Theory text January 2020
Heavy Quark Diffusion in Strongly Coupled $\N=4$ Yang Mills text January 2006

Cited By (1)


Similar Records

New Perspectives for QCD Physics at the LHC
Journal Article · Tue Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · AIP Conference Proceedings · OSTI ID:1849607

New Perspectives for QCD Physics at the LHC
Journal Article · Wed Apr 27 00:00:00 EDT 2011 · AIP Conference Proceedings · OSTI ID:1849607

Quark sivers function at small x: spin-dependent odderon and the sub-eikonal evolution
Journal Article · Fri Nov 26 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Journal of High Energy Physics (Online) · OSTI ID:1849607