Validation of seismic velocity models in southern California with full-waveform simulations

Lu, Y.; Ben-Zion, Y.

doi:10.1093/gji/ggab534

Title: Validation of seismic velocity models in southern California with full-waveform simulations

Journal Article · Tue Jan 11 00:00:00 EST 2022 · Geophysical Journal International

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab534· OSTI ID:1843055

; Ben-Zion, Y.

SUMMARY Crustal seismic velocity models provide essential information for many applications including earthquake source properties, simulations of ground motion and related derivative products. We present a systematic workflow for assessing the accuracy of velocity models with full-waveform simulations. The framework is applied to four regional seismic velocity models for southern California: CVM-H15.11, CVM-S4.26, CVM-S4.26.M01 that includes a shallow geotechnical layer, and the model of Berg et al. For each model, we perform 3-D viscoelastic wave propagation simulations for 48 virtual seismic noise sources (down to 2 s) and 44 moderate-magnitude earthquakes (down to 2 s generally and 0.5 s for some cases) assuming a minimum shear wave velocity of 200 m s–1. The synthetic waveforms are compared with observations associated with both earthquake records and noise cross-correlation data sets. We measure, at multiple period bands for well-isolated seismic phases, traveltime delays and normalized zero-lag cross-correlation coefficients between the synthetic and observed data. The obtained measurements are summarized using the mean absolute derivation of time delay and the mean correlation coefficient. These two metrics provide reliable statistical representations of model quality with consistent results in all data sets. In addition to assessing the overall (average) performance of different models in the entire study area, we examine spatial variations of the models’ quality. All examined models show good phase and waveform agreements for surface waves at periods longer than 5 s, and discrepancies at shorter periods reflecting small-scale heterogeneities and near-surface structures. The model performing best overall is CVM-S4.26.M01. The largest misfits for both body and surface waves are in basin structures and around large fault zones. Inaccuracies generated in these areas may affect tomography and model simulation results at other regions. The seismic velocity models for southern California can be improved by adding better resolved structural representations of the shallow crust and volumes around the main faults.

View Journal Article

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); Southern California Earthquake Center; National Science Foundation (NSF); US Geological Survey (USGS)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0016520; EAR-1600087; G17AC00047

OSTI ID:: 1843055

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1979490

Journal Information:: Geophysical Journal International, Journal Name: Geophysical Journal International Vol. 229 Journal Issue: 2; ISSN 0956-540X

Publisher:: Oxford University PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

References (76)

Applying a three-dimensional velocity model, waveform cross correlation, and cluster analysis to locate southern California seismicity from 1981 to 2005 Lin, Guoqing; Shearer, Peter M.; Hauksson, Egill Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 112, Issue B12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JB004986	journal	January 2007
Moderate Earthquake Ground-Motion Validation in the San Francisco Bay Area Kim, A.; Dreger, D. S.; Larsen, S. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 100, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090076	journal	March 2010
Importance of crustal corrections in the development of a new global model of radial anisotropy Panning, M. P.; Lekić, V.; Romanowicz, B. A. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 115, Issue B12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007520	journal	January 2010
A new algorithm for three-dimensional joint inversion of body wave and surface wave data and its application to the Southern California plate boundary region: JOINT INVERSION OF PLATE BOUNDARY REGION Fang, Hongjian; Zhang, Haijiang; Yao, Huajian Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 121, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012702	journal	May 2016
Seismic moment tensor inversion using 3D velocity model and its application to the 2013 Lushan earthquake sequence Zhu, Lupei; Zhou, Xiaofeng Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, Vol. 95 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2016.01.002	journal	October 2016
Seismic Tomography of the Southern California Plate Boundary Region from Noise-Based Rayleigh and Love Waves Zigone, Dimitri; Ben-Zion, Yehuda; Campillo, Michel Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 172, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-014-0872-1	journal	July 2014
Waveform Relocated Earthquake Catalog for Southern California (1981 to June 2011) Hauksson, E.; Yang, W.; Shearer, P. M. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 102, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120010	journal	October 2012
Ultrasonics without a Source: Thermal Fluctuation Correlations at MHz Frequencies Weaver, Richard L.; Lobkis, Oleg I. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.134301	journal	September 2001
Reconditioning inverse problems using the genetic algorithm and revised parameterization Curtis, Andrew; Snieder, Roel GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 62, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1444255	journal	September 1997
Nonlinear regularization techniques for seismic tomography Loris, I.; Douma, H.; Nolet, G. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 229, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2009.10.020	journal	February 2010
Detailed traveltime tomography and seismic catalogue around the 2019 M w7.1 Ridgecrest, California, earthquake using dense rapid-response seismic data White, Malcolm C. A.; Fang, Hongjian; Catchings, Rufus D. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 227, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab224	journal	June 2021
Adjoint Tomography of the Southern California Crust Tape, C.; Liu, Q.; Maggi, A. Science, Vol. 325, Issue 5943 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1175298	journal	August 2009
The spectral element method: An efficient tool to simulate the seismic response of 2D and 3D geological structures Komatitsch, Dimitri; Vilotte, Jean-Pierre Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 88, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0880020368	journal	April 1998
Analysis of non-diffuse characteristics of the seismic noise field in southern California based on correlations of neighbouring frequencies Liu, Xin; Ben-Zion, Yehuda Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 212, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggx441	journal	October 2017
Wave‐equation traveltime inversion Luo, Y.; Schuster, G. T. GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 56, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1443081	journal	May 1991
Data Products at the IRIS DMC: Stepping Stones for Research and Other Applications Trabant, C.; Hutko, A. R.; Bahavar, M. Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 83, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1785/0220120032	journal	September 2012
Seismic velocity structure in the Hot Springs and Trifurcation areas of the San Jacinto fault zone, California, from double-difference tomography Allam, A. A.; Ben-Zion, Y.; Kurzon, I. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 198, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu176	journal	June 2014
Hypocenter-velocity structure coupling in local earthquake tomography Thurber, Clifford H. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 75, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(92)90117-E	journal	December 1992
Theoretical background for continental- and global-scale full-waveform inversion in the time-frequency domain Fichtner, Andreas; Kennett, Brian L. N.; Igel, Heiner Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 175, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03923.x	journal	November 2008
The SCEC Unified Community Velocity Model Software Framework Small, Patrick; Gill, David; Maechling, Philip J. Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 88, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1785/0220170082	journal	September 2017
Validation of Shear-Wave Velocity Models of the Pacific Northwest Gao, H.; Shen, Y. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 102, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120110336	journal	December 2012
On the effect of topography on surface wave propagation in the ambient noise frequency range Köhler, Andreas; Weidle, Christian; Maupin, Valérie Journal of Seismology, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-011-9264-5	journal	December 2011
On establishing the accuracy of noise tomography travel-time measurements in a realistic medium Tsai, Victor C. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 178, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04239.x	journal	September 2009
The global CMT project 2004–2010: Centroid-moment tensors for 13,017 earthquakes Ekström, G.; Nettles, M.; Dziewoński, A. M. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 200-201 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2012.04.002	journal	June 2012
Variational Principles For Surface Wave Propagation On A Laterally Heterogeneous Earth-Iii. Potential Representation Tromp, Jeroen; Dahlen, F. A. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 112, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01449.x	journal	February 1993
The effect of velocity structure errors on double-difference earthquake location: THE EFFECT OF VELOCITY STRUCTURE ERRORS Michelini, A.; Lomax, A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GL019682	journal	May 2004
Broadband Waveform Modeling of Moderate Earthquakes in the San Francisco Bay Area and Preliminary Assessment of the USGS 3D Seismic Velocity Model Rodgers, A.; Petersson, N. A.; Nilsson, S. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 98, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120060407	journal	April 2008
Simulations of Ground Motion in the Los Angeles Basin Based upon the Spectral-Element Method Komatitsch, D. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120030077	journal	February 2004
Unified Structural Representation of the southern California crust and upper mantle Shaw, John H.; Plesch, Andreas; Tape, Carl Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 415 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.01.016	journal	April 2015
Efficient time-domain 3D elastic and viscoelastic full-waveform inversion using a spectral-element method on flexible Cartesian-based mesh Trinh, Phuong-Thu; Brossier, Romain; Métivier, Ludovic GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 84, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0059.1	journal	January 2019
Imaging Alpine crust using ambient noise wave-equation tomography Lu, Y.; Stehly, L.; Brossier, R. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 222, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa145	journal	March 2020
On sensitivity kernels for ‘wave-equation’ transmission tomography de Hoop, Maarten V.; van der Hilst, Robert D. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 160, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.02509.x	journal	February 2005
Validation of recent shear wave velocity models in the United States with full-wave simulation: Validation of shear-wave velocity models Gao, Haiying; Shen, Yang Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011369	journal	January 2015
Tomography of Southern California Via Bayesian Joint Inversion of Rayleigh Wave Ellipticity and Phase Velocity From Ambient Noise Cross-Correlations Berg, E. M.; Lin, F. -C.; Allam, A. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 123, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JB016269	journal	November 2018
Seismic Velocity as a Function of Depth and Geologic time Faust, L. Y. GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437658	journal	April 1951
Goodness-of-fit Criteria for Broadband Synthetic Seismograms, with Application to the 2008 Mw 5.4 Chino Hills, California, Earthquake Olsen, K. B.; Mayhew, J. E. Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 81, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.5.715	journal	August 2010
Earthquake locations and three-dimensional crustal structure in the Coyote Lake Area, central California Thurber, Clifford H. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 88, Issue B10 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB088iB10p08226	journal	January 1983
On crustal corrections in surface wave tomography Bozdağ, Ebru; Trampert, Jeannot Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 172, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03690.x	journal	March 2008
Quantitative Comparison of Four Numerical Predictions of 3D Ground Motion in the Grenoble Valley, France Chaljub, E.; Moczo, P.; Tsuno, S. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090052	journal	July 2010
Parametrization of general seismic potency and moment tensors for source inversion of seismic waveform data Zhu, Lupei; Ben-Zion, Yehuda Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 194, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt137	journal	April 2013
An automated time-window selection algorithm for seismic tomography Maggi, Alessia; Tape, Carl; Chen, Min Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 178, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04099.x	journal	July 2009
Optimal processing for seismic noise correlations Fichtner, Andreas; Bowden, Daniel; Ermert, Laura Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 223, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa390	journal	August 2020
Ground-Motion Modeling of Hayward Fault Scenario Earthquakes, Part II: Simulation of Long-Period and Broadband Ground Motions Aagaard, B. T.; Graves, R. W.; Rodgers, A. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 100, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120090379	journal	December 2010
Empirical Relations between Elastic Wavespeeds and Density in the Earth's Crust Brocher, T. M. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 95, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050077	journal	December 2005
Seismic imaging: From classical to adjoint tomography Liu, Q.; Gu, Y. J. Tectonophysics, Vol. 566-567 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.07.006	journal	September 2012
Introduction to the spectral element method for three-dimensional seismic wave propagation Komatitsch, Dimitri; Tromp, Jeroen Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 139, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-246x.1999.00967.x	journal	December 1999
On the correlation of non-isotropically distributed ballistic scalar diffuse waves Weaver, Richard; Froment, Berenice; Campillo, Michel The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 126, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3203359	journal	January 2009
A comparison of tomographic and geodynamic mantle models: COMPARISON OF MANTLE MODELS Becker, Thorsten W.; Boschi, Lapo Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 3, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GC000168	journal	January 2002
Refined crustal and uppermost mantle structure of southern California by ambient noise adjoint tomography Wang, Kai; Yang, Yingjie; Basini, Piero Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 215, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy312	journal	July 2018
Body wave extraction and tomography at Long Beach, California, with ambient‐noise interferometry Nakata, Nori; Chang, Jason P.; Lawrence, Jesse F. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 120, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB011870	journal	February 2015
On the limitations of interstation distances in ambient noise tomography Luo, Yinhe; Yang, Yingjie; Xu, Yixian Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 201, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggv043	journal	March 2015
Seismic Imaging of the Southern California Plate Boundary around the South-Central Transverse Ranges Using Double-Difference Tomography Share, Pieter-Ewald; Guo, Hao; Thurber, Clifford H. Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 176, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-018-2042-3	journal	November 2018
San Andreas Fault dip, Peninsular Ranges mafic lower crust and partial melt in the Salton Trough, Southern California, from ambient-noise tomography: ANT SOCAL Barak, Shahar; Klemperer, Simon L.; Lawrence, Jesse F. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, Vol. 16, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005970	journal	November 2015
Interseismic Strain Localization in the San Jacinto Fault Zone Lindsey, Eric O.; Sahakian, Valerie J.; Fialko, Yuri Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 171, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-013-0753-z	journal	December 2013
V p/ V s tomography in the southern California plate boundary region using body and surface wave traveltime data Fang, Hongjian; Yao, Huajian; Zhang, Haijiang Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 216, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy458	journal	October 2018
Mapping the upper mantle: Three-dimensional modeling of earth structure by inversion of seismic waveforms Woodhouse, John H.; Dziewonski, Adam M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 89, Issue B7 https://doi.org/10.1029/JB089iB07p05953	journal	July 1984
Effects of Shallow-Velocity Reductions on 3D Propagation of Seismic Waves Juarez, Alan; Ben-Zion, Yehuda Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 91, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1785/0220200183	journal	August 2020
On the emergence of the Green’s function in the correlations of a diffuse field Lobkis, Oleg I.; Weaver, Richard L. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 110, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1417528	journal	December 2001
Seismic Tomography and the Assessment of Uncertainty Rawlinson, Nicholas; Fichtner, Andreas; Sambridge, Malcolm Advances in Geophysics https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agph.2014.08.001	book	January 2014
Seismic tomography of the southern California crust based on spectral-element and adjoint methods Tape, Carl; Liu, Qinya; Maggi, Alessia Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 180, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2009.04429.x	journal	January 2010
Misfit functions for full waveform inversion based on instantaneous phase and envelope measurements: Misfit functions for full waveform inversion Bozdağ, Ebru; Trampert, Jeannot; Tromp, Jeroen Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 185, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2011.04970.x	journal	March 2011
Modeling and Validation of a 3D Velocity Structure for the Santa Clara Valley, California, for Seismic-Wave Simulations Hartzell, S.; Harmsen, S.; Williams, R. A. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 96, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120050243	journal	October 2006
Surface wave tomography: finite-frequency effects lost in the null space Trampert, Jeannot; Spetzler, Jesper Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 164, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.02864.x	journal	February 2006
Effects of Topography on Seismic-Wave Propagation: An Example from Northern Taiwan Lee, S. -J.; Komatitsch, D.; Huang, B. -S. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 99, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1785/0120080020	journal	February 2009
CyberShake: A Physics-Based Seismic Hazard Model for Southern California Graves, Robert; Jordan, Thomas H.; Callaghan, Scott Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 168, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0161-6	journal	May 2010
Spectral-Element Moment Tensor Inversions for Earthquakes in Southern California Liu, Q. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1785/012004038	journal	October 2004
Locating Microseism Sources Using Spurious Arrivals in Intercontinental Noise Correlations: LOCATING MICROSEISM SOURCES Retailleau, Lise; Boué, Pierre; Stehly, Laurent Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 122, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014593	journal	October 2017
Crustal structure and seismicity distribution adjacent to the Pacific and North America plate boundary in southern California Hauksson, Egill Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 105, Issue B6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JB900016	journal	June 2000
Shallow three-dimensional structure of the San Jacinto fault zone revealed from ambient noise imaging with a dense seismic array Mordret, Aurélien; Roux, Philippe; Boué, Pierre Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 216, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggy464	journal	November 2018
Moving from 1-D to 3-D velocity model: automated waveform-based earthquake moment tensor inversion in the Los Angeles region Wang, Xin; Zhan, Zhongwen Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 220, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz435	journal	October 2019
High-resolution 3D shallow crustal structure in Long Beach, California: Application of ambient noise tomography on a dense seismic array Lin, Fan-Chi; Li, Dunzhu; Clayton, Robert W. GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 78, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2012-0453.1	journal	July 2013
Eikonal Tomography of the Southern California Plate Boundary Region Qiu, Hongrui; Lin, Fan‐Chi; Ben‐Zion, Yehuda Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 124, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB017806	journal	September 2019
On the use of sensitivity tests in seismic tomography Rawlinson, N.; Spakman, W. Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 205, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw084	journal	March 2016
Accounting for uncertain 3-D elastic structure in fault slip estimates Ragon, Théa; Simons, Mark Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 224, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa526	journal	November 2020
Evaluation of the southern California seismic velocity models through simulation of recorded events Taborda, Ricardo; Azizzadeh-Roodpish, Shima; Khoshnevis, Naeem Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 205, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggw085	journal	March 2016
Full-3-D tomography for crustal structure in Southern California based on the scattering-integral and the adjoint-wavefield methods: F3DT FOR SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA CRUST Lee, En-Jui; Chen, Po; Jordan, Thomas H. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 119, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011346	journal	August 2014

Similar Records

Regional seismic velocity changes following the 2019 M w 7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake from autocorrelations and P / S converted waves

Journal Article · Sat Sep 04 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Geophysical Journal International · OSTI ID:1843055

Lu, Y.; Ben-Zion, Y.

Ambient Noise Attenuation Tomography Reveals an Asymmetric Damage Zone Across San Jacinto Fault Near Anza, California

Journal Article · Mon Jul 25 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Geophysical Research Letters · OSTI ID:1843055

Liu, Xin; Beroza, Gregory C.; Ben‐Zion, Yehuda

Data–Driven Velocity Model Evaluation Using K–Means Clustering

Journal Article · Sat Dec 04 00:00:00 EST 2021 · Geophysical Research Letters · OSTI ID:1843055

Xiong, Neng; Qiu, Hongrui; Niu, Fenglin

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
composition and structure of the continental crust
computational seismology
crustal imaging
seismic tomography
wave propagation

Title: Validation of seismic velocity models in southern California with full-waveform simulations

Citation Formats

References (76)

Similar Records

Related Subjects