A Review of Well Integrity Based on Field Experience at Carbon Utilization and Storage Sites

Iyer, Jaisree; Lackey, Greg; Edvardsen, Laura; Bean, Andrew; Carroll, Susan A.; Huerta, Nicolas; Smith, Megan M.; Torsæter, Malin; Dilmore, Robert M.; Cerasi, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103533

Title: A Review of Well Integrity Based on Field Experience at Carbon Utilization and Storage Sites

Journal Article · Thu Dec 16 00:00:00 EST 2021 · International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103533· OSTI ID:1840752

Iyer, Jaisree ^[1]; Lackey, Greg ^[2]; Edvardsen, Laura ^[3]; Bean, Andrew ^[4]; Carroll, Susan A. ^[1];

^[5]; Smith, Megan M. ^[1]; Torsæter, Malin ^[3]; Dilmore, Robert M. ^[6]; Cerasi, Pierre ^[3]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Research & Innovation Center; Leidos Research Support Team, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
SINTEF Industry, Trondheim (Norway)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Albany, OR (United States); Leidos Research Support Team, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA (United States). Research & Innovation Center

Maintaining well integrity is critical to the success of geologic carbon storage (GCS) and carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) operations. Wells that experience leakage because of integrity issues can potentially become a risk to the environment or human health if they release previously captured CO₂ back into the atmosphere or into freshwater aquifers. There are many GCS and CO₂-EOR sites in operation around the world. However, well integrity experiences at these sites are not widely documented in the public domain. This study details findings from a survey of well integrity experiences elicited from operators of GCS and CO₂-EOR sites. The goal of the survey was to obtain information about site characteristics and operator experiences with well integrity, monitoring methods, and risk assessment of legacy wells. Literature relevant to the survey questions was also reviewed and summarized to provide context for survey responses and identify areas where field experiences with well integrity do and do not align with the current state of research. We highlight the current state-of-practice, identify research needs, and provide context for future interactions between researchers, operators, and regulators on issues related to well integrity.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy (FE); Norway Research Council

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC52-07NA27344; 257579/E20

OSTI ID:: 1840752

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1841335

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-164189; LLNL-JRNL-824283

Journal Information:: International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 113; ISSN 1750-5836

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (73)

Effect of thermal stress on wellbore integrity during CO2 injection Roy, Pratanu; Morris, Joseph P.; Walsh, Stuart D. C. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 77 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.07.012	journal	October 2018
The CO2SINK boreholes for geological CO2 -storage testing Prevedel, B.; Wohlgemuth, L.; Legarth, B. Energy Procedia, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.272	journal	February 2009
Investigation of Wellbore Integrity Factors in Historical Oil and gas Wells for CO2 Geosequestration in the Midwestern U.S. Sminchak, J. R.; Moody, Mark; Theodos, Andrew Energy Procedia, Vol. 63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.611	journal	January 2014
Effect of CO 2 -induced reactions on the mechanical behaviour of fractured wellbore cement Wolterbeek, Timotheus K. T.; Hangx, Suzanne J. T.; Spiers, Christopher J. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gete.2016.02.002	journal	September 2016
A review on the role of amino acids in gas hydrate inhibition, CO2 capture and sequestration, and natural gas storage Bavoh, Cornelius B.; Lal, Bhajan; Osei, Harrison Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 64 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2019.01.020	journal	April 2019
Wellbore integrity analysis of a natural CO2 producer Crow, Walter; Carey, J. William; Gasda, Sarah International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2009.10.010	journal	March 2010
Corrosion evaluation of packer rubber materials in CO2 injection wells under supercritical conditions Zhu, Dajiang; Lin, Yuanhua; Zhang, Huali Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 151 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.01.012	journal	March 2017
Key factors for determining groundwater impacts due to leakage from geologic carbon sequestration reservoirs Carroll, Susan A.; Keating, Elizabeth; Mansoor, Kayyum International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 29 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.07.007	journal	October 2014
Well integrity for CO2 injection from ships: Simulation of the effect of flow and material parameters on thermal stresses Aursand, Peder; Hammer, Morten; Lavrov, Alexandre International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.04.007	journal	July 2017
Monitoring technology ranking methodology for CO2-EOR sites using the Weyburn-Midale Field as a case study Zaluski, Wade; El-Kaseeh, George; Lee, Si-Yong International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 54 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.06.012	journal	November 2016
The National Risk Assessment Partnership’s integrated assessment model for carbon storage: A tool to support decision making amidst uncertainty Pawar, Rajesh J.; Bromhal, Grant S.; Chu, Shaoping International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 52 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.06.015	journal	September 2016
Analysis of gas leakage occurrence along wells in Alberta, Canada, from a GHG perspective – Gas migration outside well casing Bachu, Stefan International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 61 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.04.003	journal	June 2017
The In Salah CO2 Storage Project: Lessons Learned and Knowledge Transfer Ringrose, P. S.; Mathieson, A. S.; Wright, I. W. Energy Procedia, Vol. 37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.551	journal	January 2013
Managing well leakage risks at a geologic carbon storage site with many wells Lackey, Greg; Vasylkivska, Veronika S.; Huerta, Nicolas J. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 88 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.06.011	journal	September 2019
Monitoring the CO2 injection site: K12-B Vandeweijer, Vincent; van der Meer, Bert; Hofstee, Cor Energy Procedia, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.532	journal	January 2011
Scientific basis for safely shutting in the Macondo Well after the April 20, 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout Hickman, S. H.; Hsieh, P. A.; Mooney, W. D. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115847109	journal	December 2012
Evaluation of the Potential for Gas and CO2 Leakage Along Wellbores Watson, Theresa L.; Bachu, Stefan SPE Drilling & Completion, Vol. 24, Issue 01 https://doi.org/10.2118/106817-PA	journal	March 2009
Monitoring well integrity at the Cranfield field phase III CO2 storage project Duguid, Andrew; Guo, Boyun; Nygaard, Runar International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 109 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2021.103341	journal	July 2021
Well Integrity Assessment of a 68 year old Well at a CO2 Injection Project Duguid, Andrew; Carey, J. William; Butsch, Robert Energy Procedia, Vol. 63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.602	journal	January 2014
Public data from three US states provide new insights into well integrity Lackey, Greg; Rajaram, Harihar; Bolander, James Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013894118	journal	March 2021
Characterization and design of the FutureGen 2.0 carbon storage site Gilmore, Tyler; Bonneville, Alain; Sullivan, Charlotte International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 53 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.07.022	journal	October 2016
Long-term well bore integrity in Otway: Integrating ultrasonic logs, cement petrophysics, and mechanical analysis Contraires, Simon; Loizzo, Matteo; Lecampion, Brice Energy Procedia, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.148	journal	February 2009
Analysis and performance of oil well cement with 30 years of CO2 exposure from the SACROC Unit, West Texas, USA Carey, J. William; Wigand, Marcus; Chipera, Steve J. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1750-5836(06)00004-1	journal	April 2007
Review of failures for wells used for CO2 and acid gas injection in Alberta, Canada Bachu, Stefan; Watson, Theresa L. Energy Procedia, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.146	journal	February 2009
A Review of International Field Experience with Well Integrity at Carbon Utilization and Storage Sites Iyer, Jaisree; Lackey, Greg; Edvardsen, Laura https://doi.org/10.2172/1767038	report	November 2020
Development of a Hybrid Process and System Model for the Assessment of Wellbore Leakage at a Geologic CO ₂ Sequestration Site Viswanathan, Hari S.; Pawar, Rajesh J.; Stauffer, Philip H. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 42, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/es800417x	journal	October 2008
Characterization of CO2 Pipeline Material from the Ketzin Pilot Site Todorovic, Jelena; Torsæter, Malin; Opedal, Nils Energy Procedia, Vol. 63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.283	journal	January 2014
Influence of Chemical, Mechanical, and Transport Processes on Wellbore Leakage from Geologic CO ₂ Storage Reservoirs Carroll, Susan A.; Iyer, Jaisree; Walsh, Stuart D. C. Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 50, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00094	journal	July 2017
Assessment of geophysical monitoring methods for detection of brine and CO2 leakage in drinking water aquifers Yang, Xianjin; Buscheck, Thomas A.; Mansoor, Kayyum International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 90 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.102803	journal	November 2019
Probabilistic evaluation of above-zone pressure and geochemical monitoring for leakage detection at geological carbon sequestration site Bie, Hongxia; Yang, Changbing; Liu, Pan Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 125 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2019.01.008	journal	April 2019
A risk-based framework for Measurement, Monitoring and Verification (MMV) of the Goldeneye storage complex for the Peterhead CCS project, UK Dean, Marcella; Tucker, Owain International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 61 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.03.014	journal	June 2017
Cement Sheath Stress Failure Goodwin, K. J.; Crook, R. J. SPE Drilling Engineering, Vol. 7, Issue 04 https://doi.org/10.2118/20453-PA	journal	December 1992
Mitigation and remediation technologies and practices in case of undesired migration of CO2 from a geological storage unit—Current status Manceau, J. -C.; Hatzignatiou, D. G.; de Lary, L. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 22 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.01.007	journal	March 2014
Joule-Thomson cooling due to CO2 injection into natural gas reservoirs Oldenburg, Curtis M. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 48, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.01.010	journal	June 2007
Quantification of Key Long-term Risks at CO2 Sequestration Sites: Latest Results from US DOE's National Risk Assessment Partnership (NRAP) Project Pawar, Rajesh; Bromhal, Grant; Carroll, Susan Energy Procedia, Vol. 63 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.512	journal	January 2014
Field‐scale well leakage risk assessment using reduced‐order models Zulqarnain, Muhammad; Zeidouni, Mehdi; Hughes, Richard G. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/ghg.1871	journal	May 2019
Injection of a CO2-Reactive Solution for Wellbore Annulus Leakage Remediation Wasch, Laura; Koenen, Mariëlle Minerals, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/min9100645	journal	October 2019
The Structure and Interpretation of Noise From Flow Behind Cemented Casing McKinley, R. M.; Bower, F. M.; Rumble, R. C. Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 25, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.2118/3999-PA	journal	March 1973
A survey of oil and gas wells in the Texas Gulf Coast, USA, and implications for geological sequestration of CO2 Nicot, Jean-Philippe Environmental Geology, Vol. 57, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1444-4	journal	July 2008
Advanced Cement Integrity Evaluation of an Old Well in the Rousse Field Loizzo, Matteo; Miersemann, Ulrike; Lamy, Patrik Energy Procedia, Vol. 37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.493	journal	January 2013
Carbon Dioxide Enhanced Oil Recovery Injection Operations Technologies (Poster Presentation) Parker, Michael E.; Meyer, James P.; Meadows, Stephanie R. Energy Procedia, Vol. 1, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.02.096	journal	February 2009
The Influence of Hydraulic Fracturing on Carbon Storage Performance: Hydraulic Fracturing in Carbon Storage Fu, Pengcheng; Settgast, Randolph R.; Hao, Yue Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 122, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014942	journal	December 2017
CO2 storage in a depleted gas field: An overview of the CO2CRC Otway Project and initial results Underschultz, Jim; Boreham, Chris; Dance, Tess International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.02.009	journal	July 2011
Predicting gas migration through existing oil and gas wells Montague, James A.; Pinder, George F.; Watson, Theresa L. Environmental Geosciences, Vol. 25, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1306/eg.01241817008	journal	December 2018
Effect of carbonation on the hydro-mechanical properties of Portland cements Fabbri, A.; Corvisier, J.; Schubnel, A. Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 39, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.07.028	journal	December 2009
Well integrity risk assessment to inform containment risk monitoring for carbon capture, utilization, and storage, applied to the Weyburn-Midale Field, Canada Duguid, Andrew; Zaluski, Wade; El-Kaseeh, George International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 86 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.10.018	journal	July 2019
Review of integrity of existing wells in relation to CO2 geological storage: What do we know? Zhang, Min; Bachu, Stefan International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.11.006	journal	July 2011
Analysis of potential leakage pathways at the Cranfield, MS, U.S.A., CO2 sequestration site Nicot, Jean-Philippe; Oldenburg, Curtis M.; Houseworth, James E. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 18 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.10.011	journal	October 2013
A portrait of wellbore leakage in northeastern British Columbia, Canada Wisen, Joshua; Chesnaux, Romain; Werring, John Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1817929116	journal	November 2019
A risk-based framework for measurement, monitoring and verification of the Quest CCS Project, Alberta, Canada Bourne, Stephen; Crouch, Syrie; Smith, Mauri International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 26 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2014.04.026	journal	July 2014
Review: Role of chemistry, mechanics, and transport on well integrity in CO2 storage environments Carroll, Susan; Carey, J. William; Dzombak, David International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 49 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.01.010	journal	June 2016
Assessment of Well Integrity at Nagaoka CO2 Injection Site Using Ultrasonic Logging and Cement Bond Log Data Nakajima, Takahiro; Xue, Ziqiu; Watanabe, Jiro Energy Procedia, Vol. 37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.497	journal	January 2013
Downhole pressure and chemical monitoring for CO2 and brine leak detection in aquifers above a CO2 storage reservoir Buscheck, Thomas A.; Mansoor, Kayyum; Yang, Xianjin International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 91 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.102812	journal	December 2019
Effects of CO2 on polymeric materials in the CO2 transport chain: A review Ansaloni, Luca; Alcock, Ben; Peters, Thijs A. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 94 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.102930	journal	March 2020
Wellbore integrity and corrosion of carbon steel in CO2 geologic storage environments: A literature review Choi, Yoon-Seok; Young, David; Nešić, Srdjan International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2012.12.028	journal	June 2013
Quantifying the Risk of CO2 Leakage Through Wellbores Loizzo, M. .; Akemu, O. A. P. . A. P.; Jammes, L. . SPE Drilling & Completion, Vol. 26, Issue 03 https://doi.org/10.2118/139635-PA	journal	September 2011
Spatial characterization of the location of potentially leaky wells penetrating a deep saline aquifer in a mature sedimentary basin Gasda, Sarah E.; Bachu, Stefan; Celia, Michael A. Environmental Geology, Vol. 46, Issue 6-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1073-5	journal	June 2004
Study of Materials Retrieved from a Ketzin CO2 Monitoring Well Gawel, Kamila; Todorovic, Jelena; Liebscher, Axel Energy Procedia, Vol. 114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1718	journal	July 2017
Using distributed temperature sensing to detect CO2 leakage along the injection well casing Zhang, Yingqi; Jung, Yoojin; Freifeld, Barry International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 74 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.04.011	journal	July 2018
A risk map methodology to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of leakage into groundwater from Geologic Carbon Storage Siirila-Woodburn, Erica R.; Cihan, Abdullah; Birkholzer, Jens T. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 59 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.02.003	journal	April 2017
Potential chemical impacts of CO2 leakage on underground source of drinking water assessed by quantitative risk analysis Xiao, Ting; McPherson, Brian; Pan, Feng International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 50 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.04.009	journal	July 2016
Aliso Canyon Leakage as an Analogue for Worst Case CO2 Leakage and Quantification of Acceptable Storage Loss Lindeberg, Erik; Bergmo, Per; Torsæter, Malin Energy Procedia, Vol. 114 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1914	journal	July 2017
Surface Casing Pressure As an Indicator of Well Integrity Loss and Stray Gas Migration in the Wattenberg Field, Colorado Lackey, Greg; Rajaram, Harihar; Sherwood, Owen A. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b06071	journal	March 2017
Identification and evaluation of well integrity and causes of failure of well integrity barriers (A review) Kiran, Raj; Teodoriu, Catalin; Dadmohammadi, Younas Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jngse.2017.05.009	journal	September 2017
A review of reactive transport modeling in wellbore integrity problems Ajayi, Temitope; Gupta, Ipsita Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Vol. 175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2018.12.079	journal	April 2019
A System Model for Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide Stauffer, Philip H.; Viswanathan, Hari S.; Pawar, Rajesh J. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 43, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/es800403w	journal	February 2009
Analytical solution for Joule–Thomson cooling during CO2 geo-sequestration in depleted oil and gas reservoirs Mathias, Simon A.; Gluyas, Jon G.; Oldenburg, Curtis M. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 4, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2010.05.008	journal	September 2010
Evaluation of leakage potential from a carbon dioxide EOR/sequestration project Klusman, Ronald W. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 44, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(02)00226-1	journal	July 2003
The State of the Art in Monitoring and Verification: an update five years on Jenkins, Charles International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 100 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2020.103118	journal	September 2020
Well blowout rates and consequences in California Oil and Gas District 4 from 1991 to 2005: implications for geological storage of carbon dioxide Jordan, Preston D.; Benson, Sally M. Environmental Geology, Vol. 57, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1403-0	journal	July 2008
Snøhvit: The History of Injecting and Storing 1 Mt CO2 in the Fluvial Tubåen Fm Hansen, Olav; Gilding, Douglas; Nazarian, Bamshad Energy Procedia, Vol. 37 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.249	journal	January 2013
Wellbore corrosion and failure assessment for CO2 EOR and storage: Two case studies in the Weyburn field Laumb, Jason D.; Glazewski, Kyle A.; Hamling, John A. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, Vol. 54 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2016.08.031	journal	November 2016
Influence of thermo-elastic stress on fracture initiation during CO2 injection and storage Luo, Zhiyuan; Bryant, Steven Energy Procedia, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.304	journal	January 2011

Similar Records

A Review of International Field Experience with Well Integrity at Carbon Utilization and Storage Sites

Technical Report · Wed Nov 18 00:00:00 EST 2020 · OSTI ID:1840752

Iyer, Jaisree; Lackey, Greg; Edvardsen, Laura; +7 more

Small Scale Field Test Demonstrating CO₂ Sequestration In Arbuckle Saline Aquifer And By CO₂-Eor At Wellington Field, Sumner County, Kansas

Technical Report · Sun Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 2017 · OSTI ID:1840752

Holubnyak, Yevhen Eugene; Watney, Lynn; Hollenbach, Jennifer; +11 more

North Dakota Integrated Carbon Storage Complex Feasibility Study. Final report

Technical Report · Tue Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2020 · OSTI ID:1840752

Peck, Wes D.; Azzolina, Nicholas A.; Nakles, Dave V.; +15 more

Related Subjects

58 GEOSCIENCES
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Well integrity
Geological CO2 storage
CO2-EOR
Survey for site operators
Leakage monitoring
Risk assessment of legacy wells

Title: A Review of Well Integrity Based on Field Experience at Carbon Utilization and Storage Sites

Citation Formats

References (73)

Similar Records

Related Subjects