Measurement placement in electric power transmission and distribution grids: Review of concepts, methods, and research needs

Netto, Marcos; Krishnan, Venkat; Zhang, Yingchen; Mili, Lamine

doi:10.1049/gtd2.12336

Title: Measurement placement in electric power transmission and distribution grids: Review of concepts, methods, and research needs

Journal Article · Sat Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · IET Generation, Transmission, & Distribution

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1049/gtd2.12336· OSTI ID:1832413

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National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Power Systems Engineering Center
PA Consulting Group, Denver, CO (United States)
Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)

Sensing and measurement systems are quintessential to the safe and reliable operation of electric power grids. Their strategic placement is of ultimate importance because it is not economically viable to install measurement systems on every node and branch of a power grid, though they need to be monitored. An overwhelming number of strategies have been developed to meet oftentimes multiple conflicting objectives. The prime challenge in formulating the problem lies in developing a heuristic or an optimisation model that, though mathematically tractable and constrained in cost, leads to trustworthy technical solutions. Further, large-scale, long-term deployments pose additional challenges because the boundary conditions change as technologies evolve. For instance, the advent of new technologies in sensing and measurement, as well as in communications and networking, might impact the cost and performance of available solutions and shift initially set conditions. Also, the placement strategies developed for transmission grids might not be suitable for distribution grids, and vice versa, because of unique characteristics; therefore, the strategies need to be flexible, to a certain extent, because no two power grids are alike. Despite the extensive literature on the present topic, the focus of published works tends to be on a specific subject, such as the optimal placement of measurements to ensure observability in transmission grids. There is a dearth of work providing a comprehensive picture for developing optimal placement strategies. Because of the ongoing efforts on the modernisation of electric power grids, there is a need to consolidate the status quo while exposing its limitations to inform policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers on the research-and-development needs to push the boundaries for innovation. Accordingly, this paper first reviews the state-of-the-art considering both transmission and distribution grids. Then, it consolidates the key factors to be considered in the problem formulation. Finally, it provides a set of perspectives on the measurement placement problem, and it concludes with future research directions.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE), Advanced Grid Research and Development; USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 1832413

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5D00-78150; MainId:32059; UUID:3fde19db-9513-46a8-a4d8-5e743a79e4d2; MainAdminID:63163

Journal Information:: IET Generation, Transmission, & Distribution, Vol. 16, Issue 5; ISSN 1751-8687

Publisher:: Institution of Engineering and TechnologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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