The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas

Hoelzl, M.; Huijsmans, G. T.A.; Pamela, S. J.P.; Bécoulet, M.; Nardon, E.; Artola, F. J.; Nkonga, B.; Atanasiu, C. V.; Bandaru, V.; Bhole, A.; Bonfiglio, D.; Cathey, A.; Czarny, O.; Dvornova, A.; Fehér, T.; Fil, A.; Franck, E.; Futatani, S.; Gruca, M.; Guillard, H.; Haverkort, J. W.; Holod, I.; Hu, D.; Kim, S. K.; Korving, S. Q.; Kos, L.; Krebs, I.; Kripner, L.; Latu, G.; Liu, F.; Merkel, P.; Meshcheriakov, D.; Mitterauer, V.; Mochalskyy, S.; Morales, J. A.; Nies, R.; Nikulsin, N.; Orain, F.; Pratt, J.; Ramasamy, R.; Ramet, P.; Reux, C.; Särkimäki, K.; Schwarz, N.; Singh Verma, P.; Smith, S. F.; Sommariva, C.; Strumberger, E.; van Vugt, D. C.; Verbeek, M.; Westerhof, E.; Wieschollek, F.; Zielinski, J.

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/abf99f

Title: The JOREK non-linear extended MHD code and applications to large-scale instabilities and their control in magnetically confined fusion plasmas

Journal Article · Thu May 20 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Nuclear Fusion

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/abf99f· OSTI ID:1809091

^[1]; Huijsmans, G. T.A. ^[2]; Pamela, S. J.P. ^[3]; Bécoulet, M. ^[4]; Nardon, E. ^[4]; Artola, F. J. ^[5]; Nkonga, B. ^[6]; Atanasiu, C. V. ^[7];

^[1]; Bhole, A. ^[6];

^[8];

^[9]; Czarny, O. ^[10]; Dvornova, A. ^[4]; Fehér, T. ^[9]; Fil, A. ^[3]; Franck, E. ^[11];

^[12]; Gruca, M. ^[13]; Guillard, H. ^[6] more »

Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany)
Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France); Eindhoven Univ. of Technology (Netherlands)
Culham Science Centre, Abingdon (United Kingdom). Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE)
Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany); ITER Organization, St. Paul Lez Durance (France)
Université Côte d'Azur, Nice (France)
National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele-Bucharest (Romania)
Università di Padova (Italy)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany); Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany)
Framatome, Lyon (France)
Institute for Advanced Mathematical Research (IRMA), Strasbourg (France)
Univ. Politecnica de Catalunya (Spain)
Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw (Poland)
Delft Univ. of Technology (Netherlands)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany); Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany); Max Planck Computing and Data Facility, Garching (Germany)
Beihang University, Beijing (China)
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Eindhoven Univ. of Technology (Netherlands)
University of Ljubljana (Slovenia)
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), Eindhoven (Netherlands)
Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague (Czech Republic)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States); Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, GA (United States)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching (Germany); Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Université de Bordeaux, Talence (France)
Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (Switzerland)
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)

JOREK is a massively parallel fully implicit non-linear extended magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) code for realistic tokamak X-point plasmas. It has become a widely used versatile simulation code for studying large-scale plasma instabilities and their control and is continuously developed in an international community with strong involvements in the European fusion research programme and ITER organization. This article gives a comprehensive overview of the physics models implemented, numerical methods applied for solving the equations and physics studies performed with the code. A dedicated section highlights some of the verification work done for the code. A hierarchy of different physics models is available including a free boundary and resistive wall extension and hybrid kinetic-fluid models. The code allows for flux-surface aligned iso-parametric finite element grids in single and double X-point plasmas which can be extended to the true physical walls and uses a robust fully implicit time stepping. Particular focus is laid on plasma edge and scrape-off layer (SOL) physics as well as disruption related phenomena. Among the key results obtained with JOREK regarding plasma edge and SOL, are deep insights into the dynamics of edge localized modes (ELMs), ELM cycles, and ELM control by resonant magnetic perturbations, pellet injection, as well as by vertical magnetic kicks. Also ELM free regimes, detachment physics, the generation and transport of impurities during an ELM, and electrostatic turbulence in the pedestal region are investigated. Regarding disruptions, the focus is on the dynamics of the thermal quench (TQ) and current quench triggered by massive gas injection and shattered pellet injection, runaway electron (RE) dynamics as well as the RE interaction with MHD modes, and vertical displacement events. Also the seeding and suppression of tearing modes (TMs), the dynamics of naturally occurring TQs triggered by locked modes, and radiative collapses are being studied.

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Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; EUROfusion; ITER

Grant/Contract Number:: 633053

OSTI ID:: 1809091

Journal Information:: Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 6; ISSN 0029-5515

Publisher:: IOP ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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