Applying a science‐based systems perspective to dispel misconceptions about climate effects of forest bioenergy

Cowie, Annette L.; Berndes, Göran; Bentsen, Niclas Scott; Brandão, Miguel; Cherubini, Francesco; Egnell, Gustaf; George, Brendan; Gustavsson, Leif; Hanewinkel, Marc; Harris, Zoe M.; Johnsson, Filip; Junginger, Martin; Kline, Keith L.; Koponen, Kati; Koppejan, Jaap; Kraxner, Florian; Lamers, Patrick; Majer, Stefan; Marland, Eric; Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan; Pelkmans, Luc; Sathre, Roger; Schaub, Marcus; Smith, Jr., Charles Tattersall; Soimakallio, Sampo; Van Der Hilst, Floor; Woods, Jeremy; Ximenes, Fabiano A.

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12844

Title: Applying a science‐based systems perspective to dispel misconceptions about climate effects of forest bioenergy

Journal Article · Thu May 27 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Global Change Biology. Bioenergy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12844· OSTI ID:1785035

^[1]; Berndes, Göran ^[2];

^[3];

^[4]; Cherubini, Francesco ^[5]; Egnell, Gustaf ^[6]; George, Brendan ^[7]; Gustavsson, Leif ^[8]; Hanewinkel, Marc ^[9];

^[10]; Johnsson, Filip ^[2]; Junginger, Martin ^[11];

^[12]; Koponen, Kati ^[13]; Koppejan, Jaap ^[14]; Kraxner, Florian ^[15];

^[16]; Majer, Stefan ^[17]; Marland, Eric ^[18];

^[19] more »

NSW Department of Primary Industries/University of New England Armidale NSW Australia
Department of Space, Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Goteborg Sweden
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg C Denmark
KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering Stockholm Sweden
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim Norway
Department of Forest Ecology and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden
NSW Department of Primary Industries Tamworth NSW Australia
Linnaeus University Kalmar Sweden
University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
Centre for Environmental Policy Imperial College London London UK, Centre for Environment &, Sustainability University of Surrey Guildford UK
Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN USA
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd Espoo Finland
ProBiomass BV Apeldoorn The Netherlands
Biodiversity and Natural Resources Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria
National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden CO USA
DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gGmbH Leipzig Germany
Appalachian State University Boone NC USA
Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
IEA Bioenergy TCP/CAPREA Sustainable Solutions Mol Belgium
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL Birmensdorf Switzerland
University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
Centre for Environmental Policy Imperial College London London UK
NSW Department of Primary Industries Parramatta NSW Australia

The scientific literature contains contrasting findings about the climate effects of forest bioenergy, partly due to the wide diversity of bioenergy systems and associated contexts, but also due to differences in assessment methods. The climate effects of bioenergy must be accurately assessed to inform policy-making, but the complexity of bioenergy systems and associated land, industry and energy systems raises challenges for assessment. We examine misconceptions about climate effects of forest bioenergy and discuss important considerations in assessing these effects and devising measures to incentivize sustainable bioenergy as a component of climate policy. The temporal and spatial system boundary and the reference (counterfactual) scenarios are key methodology choices that strongly influence results. Focussing on carbon balances of individual forest stands and comparing emissions at the point of combustion neglect system-level interactions that influence the climate effects of forest bioenergy. We highlight the need for a systems approach, in assessing options and developing policy for forest bioenergy that: (1) considers the whole life cycle of bioenergy systems, including effects of the associated forest management and harvesting on landscape carbon balances; (2) identifies how forest bioenergy can best be deployed to support energy system transformation required to achieve climate goals; and (3) incentivizes those forest bioenergy systems that augment the mitigation value of the forest sector as a whole. Emphasis on short-term emissions reduction targets can lead to decisions that make medium- to long-term climate goals more difficult to achieve. The most important climate change mitigation measure is the transformation of energy, industry and transport systems so that fossil carbon remains underground. Narrow perspectives obscure the significant role that bioenergy can play by displacing fossil fuels now, and supporting energy system transition. Greater transparency and consistency is needed in greenhouse gas reporting and accounting related to bioenergy.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office; Kone Foundation; IEA Bioenergy Technology Collaboration Programme

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; EE0007088; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1785035

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1785041; OSTI ID: 1797380; OSTI ID: 1798594

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-6A20-76134

Journal Information:: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy, Journal Name: Global Change Biology. Bioenergy Vol. 13 Journal Issue: 8; ISSN 1757-1693

Publisher:: Wiley-BlackwellCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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