The Relationship Between Topography, Bedrock Weathering, and Water Storage Across a Sequence of Ridges and Valleys

Pedrazas, Michelle A.; Hahm, W. Jesse; Huang, Mong‐Han; Dralle, David; Nelson, Mariel D.; Breunig, Rachel E.; Fauria, Kristen E.; Bryk, Alexander B.; Dietrich, William E.; Rempe, Daniella M.

doi:10.1029/2020JF005848

Title: The Relationship Between Topography, Bedrock Weathering, and Water Storage Across a Sequence of Ridges and Valleys

Journal Article · Wed Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JF005848· OSTI ID:1779957

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^[5]; Bryk, Alexander B. ^[6]; Dietrich, William E. ^[6]; Rempe, Daniella M. ^[1]

Department of Geosciences Jackson School of Geosciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX USA
Department of Geography Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC Canada
Department of Geology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
Pacific Southwest Research Station United States Forest Service Albany CA USA
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
Department of Earth and Planetary Science University of California Berkeley CA USA

Abstract Bedrock weathering regulates nutrient mobilization, water storage, and soil production. Relative to the mobile soil layer, little is known about the relationship between topography and bedrock weathering. Here, we identify a common pattern of weathering and water storage across a sequence of three ridges and valleys in the sedimentary Great Valley Sequence in Northern California that share a tectonic and climate history. Deep drilling, downhole logging, and characterization of chemistry and porosity reveal two weathering fronts. The shallower front is ∼7 m deep at the ridge of all three hillslopes, and marks the extent of pervasive fracturing and oxidation of pyrite and organic carbon. A deeper weathering front marks the extent of open fractures and discoloration. This front is 11 m deep under two ridges of similar ridge‐valley spacing, but 17.5 m deep under a ridge with nearly twice the ridge‐valley spacing. Hence, at ridge tops, the fraction of the hillslope relief that is weathered scales with hillslope length. In all three hillslopes, below this second weathering front, closed fractures and unweathered bedrock extend about one‐half the hilltop elevation above the adjacent channels. Neutron probe surveys reveal that seasonally dynamic moisture is stored to approximately the same depth as the shallow weathering front. Under the channels that bound our study hillslopes, the two weathering fronts coincide and occur within centimeters of the ground surface. Our findings provide evidence for feedbacks between erosion and weathering in mountainous landscapes that result in systematic subsurface structuring and water routing.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: DESC0018039; SC0018039; EAR 1331940

OSTI ID:: 1779957

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1779959; OSTI ID: 1852474

Journal Information:: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface, Journal Name: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface Vol. 126 Journal Issue: 4; ISSN 2169-9003

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: The Relationship Between Topography, Bedrock Weathering, and Water Storage Across a Sequence of Ridges and Valleys

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